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Vascular Pathology > 5- Tissue repair > Flashcards

5- Tissue repair Flashcards

1
Q

1- Learning outcomes

2

A 
1- What is tissue repair?
2- Which are the factors that influence tissue repair?
- Cellular proliferation
- Growth factors
- The ECM
3- The process of tissue repair
- Regeneration
- Scarring
4- Skin wound healing
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2
Q

2- what is tissue repair?

3

A

1- Tissue repair is the retostoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury

2- Occurs in 3 ways:

  • Regeneration of injured tissue
  • Replacement by connective tissue (scarring)
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3
Q

3- Process of tissue repair from damage

5

A

1) Damage
2) Coagulation
- fibrinolysis
3) Inflammation
- Exudate
4) Immune response
5) Angiogenesis
6. 1) Tissue regeneration
- Cell proliferation
6. 2) Connective tissue
- Collagen deposition
- remodelling

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4
Q

4- Which are the factors that influence tissue repair?

7

A

1- Cellular proliferation
2- Growth factors/cytokines
3- ECM

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5
Q

5- Explain the significance of cellular proliferation with tissue repair

(8)

A

lots of cells proliferate during tissue repair

  • injured tissue remnants
  • vascular endothelial cells
  • fibroblasts
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6
Q

6- Different type of tissue in relation to cell proliferation

(11)

A

1) Continuously dividing (labile) tissues
2) Stable tissues
3) Permanent tissues

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7
Q

7- Explain more about continously dividing (labile) tissues

11

A
  1. Cells are continuously proliferating
  2. Can easily regenerate after injury
  3. Contain a pool of stem cells
  4. Exp: bone marrow, skin, GI, epithelium
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8
Q

8- Explain more about stable tissues

14

A
  1. Cells have limited ability to proliferate
  2. Limited ability to regenerate( except liver)
  3. Normally in G0, but can proliferate if injured
  4. Examples: liver, kidney, pancreas
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9
Q

9- Explain more about permanent tissues

15

A
  1. Cells cant proliferate
  2. Cant regenerate ( so injury always leads to scar)
  3. Examples: neurons, cardiac muscle
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10
Q

10- Which are the factors that influence tissue repair?

18

A

1) Groth factors/cytokines

1- Actions

  1. Stimulate cell division and proliferation
  2. Promote cell surviaval

2- Usually have “GF” in name

2) THE ECM
1-Function:
1. Stores growth factors
2. Regulates proliferation, movement and differentioation of the cells living in it.

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11
Q

11- Explain the process of tissue repair: regeneration

27

A
  1. Angiogenesis
  2. Fibroblast migration and proliferation
  3. Extracellular matrix deposition
  4. Remodelling
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12
Q

12- Describe 1)angiogenesis

28

A
  1. Extracellular matrix proteolysis
  2. Migration and chemotaxis
  3. Proliferation
  4. Lumen formation, vessel maturation
  5. Augmentation of permeability
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13
Q

13- Describe 2) fibroblast migration and proliferation

30

A
  1. migration after stimulation using growth factor

slide 30

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14
Q

14- Describe (3) extracellualr matrix deposition

31

A

slide 31

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15
Q

15- Describe remodelling

32

A

Remodelling of the connective tissue is determined by the net balance o fsynthesis and degradation.

The degradation of collagen and other proteins of the ECM is carried out by:

MATRIX METALLOPROETINASES
interstitial collagenase
matrix metalloproteinases
stromalisine

Enzymes whose activity depends on Zinc ions produced by: macrophages, neutrophils and fibroblasts
PDGF, FGF, IL-1 and TNF induce secretion
TGFb inhibits the secretion
Rapidly inhibited by tissue inhibitors (es: TMP)

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16
Q

16- What are the types of skin wound healing?

A

1- Healing by primary intention

2- Healing by secondary intention

17
Q

17- Expalin wound healing by first intention

47

A 
1- Occurs in small wounds that close easily
2- epthelial regeneration predominates over fibrosis
3- Healing is fast, with minimal scarring
4-Timeline
1. By 24hrs:
- Clot forms
- Neutrophils come in
- Epithelium begins to regenerate
2. By 3-7 days
- Macrophages come in 
- granulation tissue is fromed 
new blood vessels
fibroblasts
- collagen begins to bridge incision
- epithelium increases in thickneses
18
Q

18- Explain wound healing by second intention

48

A

1- Occurs in larger wounds that have gaps between wound margins
2- Fibrosis predominates over epithelial regeneration
3- Healing is slower, with more inflammation and granulation tissue formation, and more scarring

19
Q

19 - Explain th strenght of a wound undergoing healing

51

A

at suture removal : 10%
rapid increase over next 4 weeks
at 3rd month: 70-80%

Vascular Pathology (5 decks)

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