5. The UK’s evolving human landsacpe

Question 1

Define population density

Answer 1

The number of people per square kilometre

Question 2

What is a core region?

Answer 2

Urban areas with high populations which drive the economy

Question 3

What is the population density in Scotland like?

Answer 3

Mainly low density - under 10 people per square km, but has major cities; Glasgow and Edinburgh in the central lowlands which are densely populated - over 1000 people per square km

Question 4

What is the population density in England like?

Answer 4

Overall high population density, with central having the most people 250-500 per square km, and contains the major cities; Manchester and London. The south-west has less people, the northern powerhouses are densely populated

Question 5

What is the population density in Wales like?

Answer 5

Cardiff in the south has over 1000 people per square km, but there are many vast central areas with under 50, costal places have a few more people

Question 6

What is the population density in Northern Ireland like?

Answer 6

Mostly low density under 100 and under 50 people per square km. Belfast is a densely populated city but there are many landlocked areas with lows of 10-50 people

Question 7

What are reasons population density of the UK varies?

Answer 7

Relief of land
Transport
Jobs
Investment
Trade
Raw materials

Question 8

What is a periphery region?

Answer 8

Areas away from the urban core

Question 9

Name the characteristics of a periphery area

Answer 9

Low population density
Older populations
Lower incomes
Higher transport costs
Out-migration of younger people

Question 10

What is the problem for periphery regions?

Answer 10

They lack investment into the area

Question 11

What are enterprise zones?

Answer 11

Places where the UK government offers companies help with start-up costs, reduced taxes on profits and access to superfast broadband.
But only 24 in the whole of the UK

Question 12

What are regional development grants?

Answer 12

Available in all of the UK
Targeted at periphery areas
Funds are small as investors have to raise 5.5 times the amount of any government grant

Question 13

What are EU grants?

Answer 13

Funds to help the poorest regions in the EU whose GDP is below 75% of the EU average
In 2015 only 2 areas qualified

Question 14

What are the benefits of immigration on the UK?

Answer 14

Working age can contribute to the economy
EU membership - anyone in the EU is free to move and work in any member state
Globalisation - revolutionised migration to the UK. London’s knowledge economy needs highly qualified skilled people and the UK cannot provide all it needs

Question 15

What are the effects of an ageing population on the UK?

Answer 15

Elderly people need hospitals and care homes
So most move to the core regions from periphery to take advantage of these services
More movement to costal regions as people retire

Question 16

What are the basic benefits of immigration to the UK?

Answer 16

More people to carry out jobs and contribute to the economy
More people paying taxes
Increase in multicultural friendships
A more diverse british culture

Question 17

Primary sector

Answer 17

Raw materials

Question 18

Secondary sector

Answer 18

Processed goods

Question 19

Tertiary sector

Answer 19

Service industry

Question 20

Quaternary sector

Answer 20

Research

Question 21

What is the old economy?

Answer 21

Agriculture and some industry

Question 22

What is the new economy?

Answer 22

Service industry and quaternary

Question 23

Define de-industrialisation

Answer 23

Getting rid of industry

Question 24

What happens during the change from the old to new economy?

Answer 24

Jobs in the primary sector halved
Secondary sector employment also has fallen
The tertiary and quaternary sectors have increased rapidly and is the basis of the new economy

Question 25

What is the domino effect?

Answer 25

Cheaper goods are produced elsewhere so the workers move away in search of new work so the local shops and services have no workers to keep their economy going

Question 26

What is the knowledge economy?

Answer 26

Sector involving people in the quaternary sector

Question 27

What is privatisation?

Answer 27

The change in ownership of services from the public sector to the private sector

Question 28

Why is there globalisation and TNCs in the EU?

Answer 28

There is free trade, without tariffs in the EU To employ people where it is cheapest, there are lots of workers in the EU To invest anywhere with unrestricted flows of capital as Foreign Direct Investment

Question 29

Define site

Answer 29

Land on which to build

Question 30

Define situation

Answer 30

Location within an area

Question 31

Describe Londons connectivity: Internationally Nationally Regionally

Answer 31

Second biggest international airport Rail services to the north A radial network

Question 32

What is the main issue that made it difficult to settle in London?

Answer 32

Lots of area by the river was a marsh, so cannot be built on

Question 33

Who migrates from within the UK to London?

Answer 33

Recent university graduates, seeking work and lifestyle

Question 34

Who migrates from overseas to London?

Answer 34

Skilled workers - take up well paid jobs in the economy and have particular skills Unskilled workers - do unwanted jobs by UK workers or unsocial hours

Question 35

What is deprivation?

Answer 35

A lack of wealth and services It usually means low standards of living caused by low income, poor health and low educational qualifications

Question 36

What is the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)?

Answer 36

Information gathered by the government which shows how deprived places are It measures 7 components in one index

Question 37

Define deindustrialisation

Answer 37

When industry in an area close

Question 38

Define deindustrialisation

Answer 38

When industry in an area close

Question 39

Define depopulation

Answer 39

When people leave an area, usually in search of work

Question 40

Define suburbanisation

Answer 40

When people leave the inner city for a house in the outer suburbs, which has space for a garden

Question 41

Define decentralisation

Answer 41

Moving shopping activity and employment away from the CBD because more people have moved out of the cities

Question 42

Advantages of city centre shopping

Answer 42

Close to workplaces More independent shops Range of shops Good transport links

Question 43

Disadvantages of city centre shopping

Answer 43

Pay to park Smaller shops Less range of shops No shelter / not covered Spaced out

Question 44

Advantages of out of town shopping

Answer 44

Close to where people live Bigger shops Less busy / quieter Bigger Large free parking area

Question 45

Disadvantages of out of town shopping

Answer 45

Less choice of shops

Question 46

Why does it matter to a city is its industries and port close?

Answer 46

Loss of jobs Increased crime rates People move away from the city Less money spent in shops Impacts on other jobs Lower wages = decreased amount spent in the economy = less tax to the government = less investment in facilities

Question 47

What is regeneration?

Answer 47

Redeveloping former industrial areas or housing to improve them

Question 48

What is a brownfield site?

Answer 48

Former industrial areas that have been developed before

Question 49

What is Londons green belt?

Answer 49

London is a built up areas but surrounding it is a green belt where no major building is allowed to protect the countryside

Question 50

What are the advantages of Londons green belt?

Answer 50

Protects the countryside Increase social wellbeing Space for recreation

Question 51

What are the disadvantages of Londons green belt?

Answer 51

No house built so longer work commutes Pressure on areas around it No economic development

Question 52

What causes re-urbanisation?

Answer 52

Space Investment Gentrification Studentificatiom

Question 53

Define regeneration

Answer 53

Place making

Question 54

Define rebranding

Answer 54

Place marketing

Question 55

What are the major 6 problems in London?

Answer 55

Transport Affordable housing Recycling Energy efficient housing Green spaces Employment

Question 56

What is Quality of Life (QoL)?

Answer 56

The life that people can enjoy apart from the money they earn

Question 57

What is Quality of Life (QoL)?

Answer 57

The life that people can enjoy apart from the money they earn

Question 58

What is sustainability?

Answer 58

Meeting the needs of people now and in the future, limiting harm to the environment

Question 59

Define rural-urban fringe

Answer 59

The area where a town or city meets the countryside

Question 60

Define accessible

Answer 60

Easy to get to and from

Question 61

What are dormitory towns and villages?

Answer 61

Places people sleep but are away during the day

Question 62

What is deprivation?

Answer 62

Lack of wealth and services, usually means low standards of living caused by low income, poor health and low education

Question 63

What is the IMD?

Answer 63

Index of Multiple Deprivation Means of showing how deprived some areas are

Question 64

Define diversification

Answer 64

When a business decides to sell other products or services in order to survive or grow