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Geography > 5. The UK’s evolving human landsacpe > Flashcards

5. The UK’s evolving human landsacpe Flashcards

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1
Q

Define population density

A

The number of people per square kilometre

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2
Q

What is a core region?

A

Urban areas with high populations which drive the economy

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3
Q

What is the population density in Scotland like?

A

Mainly low density - under 10 people per square km, but has major cities; Glasgow and Edinburgh in the central lowlands which are densely populated - over 1000 people per square km

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4
Q

What is the population density in England like?

A

Overall high population density, with central having the most people 250-500 per square km, and contains the major cities; Manchester and London. The south-west has less people, the northern powerhouses are densely populated

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5
Q

What is the population density in Wales like?

A

Cardiff in the south has over 1000 people per square km, but there are many vast central areas with under 50, costal places have a few more people

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6
Q

What is the population density in Northern Ireland like?

A

Mostly low density under 100 and under 50 people per square km. Belfast is a densely populated city but there are many landlocked areas with lows of 10-50 people

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7
Q

What are reasons population density of the UK varies?

A

Relief of land
Transport
Jobs
Investment
Trade
Raw materials

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8
Q

What is a periphery region?

A

Areas away from the urban core

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9
Q

Name the characteristics of a periphery area

A

Low population density
Older populations
Lower incomes
Higher transport costs
Out-migration of younger people

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10
Q

What is the problem for periphery regions?

A

They lack investment into the area

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11
Q

What are enterprise zones?

A

Places where the UK government offers companies help with start-up costs, reduced taxes on profits and access to superfast broadband.
But only 24 in the whole of the UK

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12
Q

What are regional development grants?

A

Available in all of the UK
Targeted at periphery areas
Funds are small as investors have to raise 5.5 times the amount of any government grant

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13
Q

What are EU grants?

A

Funds to help the poorest regions in the EU whose GDP is below 75% of the EU average
In 2015 only 2 areas qualified

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14
Q

What are the benefits of immigration on the UK?

A

Working age can contribute to the economy
EU membership - anyone in the EU is free to move and work in any member state
Globalisation - revolutionised migration to the UK. London’s knowledge economy needs highly qualified skilled people and the UK cannot provide all it needs

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15
Q

What are the effects of an ageing population on the UK?

A

Elderly people need hospitals and care homes
So most move to the core regions from periphery to take advantage of these services
More movement to costal regions as people retire

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16
Q

What are the basic benefits of immigration to the UK?

A

More people to carry out jobs and contribute to the economy
More people paying taxes
Increase in multicultural friendships
A more diverse british culture

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17
Q

Primary sector

A

Raw materials

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18
Q

Secondary sector

A

Processed goods

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19
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Service industry

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20
Q

Quaternary sector

A

Research

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21
Q

What is the old economy?

A

Agriculture and some industry

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22
Q

What is the new economy?

A

Service industry and quaternary

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23
Q

Define de-industrialisation

A

Getting rid of industry

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24
Q

What happens during the change from the old to new economy?

A

Jobs in the primary sector halved
Secondary sector employment also has fallen
The tertiary and quaternary sectors have increased rapidly and is the basis of the new economy

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25
Q

What is the domino effect?

A

Cheaper goods are produced elsewhere so the workers move away in search of new work so the local shops and services have no workers to keep their economy going

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26
Q

What is the knowledge economy?

A

Sector involving people in the quaternary sector

27
Q

What is privatisation?

A

The change in ownership of services from the public sector to the private sector

28
Q

Why is there globalisation and TNCs in the EU?

A

There is free trade, without tariffs in the EU
To employ people where it is cheapest, there are lots of workers in the EU
To invest anywhere with unrestricted flows of capital as Foreign Direct Investment

29
Q

Define site

A

Land on which to build

30
Q

Define situation

A

Location within an area

31
Q

Describe Londons connectivity:
Internationally
Nationally
Regionally

A

Second biggest international airport
Rail services to the north
A radial network

32
Q

What is the main issue that made it difficult to settle in London?

A

Lots of area by the river was a marsh, so cannot be built on

33
Q

Who migrates from within the UK to London?

A

Recent university graduates, seeking work and lifestyle

34
Q

Who migrates from overseas to London?

A

Skilled workers - take up well paid jobs in the economy and have particular skills

Unskilled workers - do unwanted jobs by UK workers or unsocial hours

35
Q

What is deprivation?

A

A lack of wealth and services
It usually means low standards of living caused by low income, poor health and low educational qualifications

36
Q

What is the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)?

A

Information gathered by the government which shows how deprived places are
It measures 7 components in one index

37
Q

Define deindustrialisation

A

When industry in an area close

38
Q

Define deindustrialisation

A

When industry in an area close

39
Q

Define depopulation

A

When people leave an area, usually in search of work

40
Q

Define suburbanisation

A

When people leave the inner city for a house in the outer suburbs, which has space for a garden

41
Q

Define decentralisation

A

Moving shopping activity and employment away from the CBD because more people have moved out of the cities

42
Q

Advantages of city centre shopping

A

Close to workplaces
More independent shops
Range of shops
Good transport links

43
Q

Disadvantages of city centre shopping

A

Pay to park
Smaller shops
Less range of shops
No shelter / not covered
Spaced out

44
Q

Advantages of out of town shopping

A

Close to where people live
Bigger shops
Less busy / quieter
Bigger
Large free parking area

45
Q

Disadvantages of out of town shopping

A

Less choice of shops

46
Q

Why does it matter to a city is its industries and port close?

A

Loss of jobs
Increased crime rates
People move away from the city
Less money spent in shops
Impacts on other jobs
Lower wages = decreased amount spent in the economy = less tax to the government = less investment in facilities

47
Q

What is regeneration?

A

Redeveloping former industrial areas or housing to improve them

48
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

Former industrial areas that have been developed before

49
Q

What is Londons green belt?

A

London is a built up areas but surrounding it is a green belt where no major building is allowed to protect the countryside

50
Q

What are the advantages of Londons green belt?

A

Protects the countryside
Increase social wellbeing
Space for recreation

51
Q

What are the disadvantages of Londons green belt?

A

No house built so longer work commutes
Pressure on areas around it
No economic development

52
Q

What causes re-urbanisation?

A

Space
Investment
Gentrification
Studentificatiom

53
Q

Define regeneration

A

Place making

54
Q

Define rebranding

A

Place marketing

55
Q

What are the major 6 problems in London?

A

Transport
Affordable housing
Recycling
Energy efficient housing
Green spaces
Employment

56
Q

What is Quality of Life (QoL)?

A

The life that people can enjoy apart from the money they earn

57
Q

What is Quality of Life (QoL)?

A

The life that people can enjoy apart from the money they earn

58
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Meeting the needs of people now and in the future, limiting harm to the environment

59
Q

Define rural-urban fringe

A

The area where a town or city meets the countryside

60
Q

Define accessible

A

Easy to get to and from

61
Q

What are dormitory towns and villages?

A

Places people sleep but are away during the day

62
Q

What is deprivation?

A

Lack of wealth and services, usually means low standards of living caused by low income, poor health and low education

63
Q

What is the IMD?

A

Index of Multiple Deprivation
Means of showing how deprived some areas are

64
Q

Define diversification

A

When a business decides to sell other products or services in order to survive or grow

Geography (9 decks)

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