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UT L1 > 5: Techniques & Processes > Flashcards

5: Techniques & Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 reasons to use Straight-Beam Testing:

A
  1. Measure thickness
  2. Detect corrosion
  3. Find disbanding/other discontinuities mostly parallel to surface
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2
Q

Name 2 reasons for Angle-Beam testing:

A
  1. Find discontinuities at an angle to front surface

2. Common for weld inspection

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3
Q

What is the reason for using Surface-Wave testing:

A

Surface breaking discontinuities with restricted access (must be a smooth surface)

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4
Q

What is Plate Wave testing used for?

A

Very thin sheets.

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5
Q

What is the most commonly used testing technique?

A

Pulse-Echo

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6
Q

What is the main component of Pulse-Echo testing?

A

A piezoelectricity charged crystal

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7
Q

What is the difference between Through-Transmission and Pitch & Catch? **

A

Through-Transmission is 2 transducer used in OPPOSITE sides of each other, but Pitch & Catch transducer can be opposite, adjacent, etc.

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8
Q

Through-Transmission is best for testing what type of material?

A

Very thick specimens

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9
Q

What are the 6 parts of an immersion tank?

A

Tank, transducer, manipulator, scan tube, carriage and bridge.

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10
Q

What type of water is used for immersion testing?

A

Room temperature and de-aerated.

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11
Q

What 3 agents are commonly added to the water?

A

Wetting agent, anti-bio agent and corrosion inhibitors.

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12
Q

How do you calculate the minimum water distance?

A

1/4 part thickness plus 6 mm

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13
Q

How do you set the water delay in immersion?

A

By calculating the minimum correct water distance

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14
Q

DACs don’t generally work on what type of lens’?

A

Spherically ground lens’

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15
Q

Resonance testing is used for….. (main purpose)

A

THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

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16
Q

What is resonance testing mainly used on?

A

Thin material.

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17
Q

When standing waves are formed, the points where the two waves constantly cancel each other out are called what?

A

Nodes

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18
Q

The points of maximum amplitude between nodes are called what?

A

Antinodes

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19
Q

The fundamental resonant frequency is what? And what is the formula?

A

The lowest frequency at which a specimen will resonate.

F = V/2T

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20
Q

The frequencies that are exact multiples of the fundamental frequency are called what?

A

Harmonics

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21
Q

When using the formula to find the fundamental frequency, as the harmonics increase by 1, what does the formula increase by?

A

1/2

Ex. FF:
T = 1/2 LAMBDA

2nd Harmonic:
T = 1 LAMBDA

3rd Harmonic:
T = 1 1/2 LAMBDA

22
Q

The thickness of a material is determined with what formula?

23
Q

What are harmonics used for?

A

Sensitivity

24
Q

When you use harmonics, you can see a change in what?

25
Describe B-Scan.
The method of locating probe position from the edge of part required.
26
What part of the B-Scan is able to locate probe position from edge of part?
An encoder
27
What is the most common type of B-Scan?
Wheel transducer
28
Besides A-Scan, what is the other most common type?
C-Scan.
29
What is a disadvantage about using a C-Scan?
Limited, IF ANY, info about the depth of defects. | Computers can now override this problem by converting to a different scan to determine
30
Resonance is important for 2 key roles:
1. Determines crystal thickness to produce probe of given frequency 2. A form of thickness measurement (Resonance Testing)
31
How are standing waves created?
2 similar plane waves of identical frequency, amplitude and direction of oscillation... BUT DIFFERENT direction of propagation
32
Resonance causes a drastic increase in what?
Vibration of amplitude
33
What type of wave does resonance testing use?
Continuous longitudinal wave (not pulsed)
34
What type of waves have to meet to create standing waves?
Transmitted AND reflected
35
Resonance does not employ what type of waves?
Lamb waves
36
Rectification on an A-Scan instrument allows technician to read in...
Radio frequency (RF) or video display
37
What type of view do you get with a B-Scan instrument?
Cross-Sectional View
38
What type of view do you get with a C-Scan instrument?
Plan view | Similar to a radiograph display
39
What are 3 advantages of a Pulse-Echo method?
1. Can locate where a defect is in material 2. One sided access required 3. Can find multiple discontinuities at the same time
40
What are two disadvantages of the Pulse-Echo method?
1. Near field & dead zone effects | 2. More attenuation from sound travelling twice through a material
41
Through-Transmission is advantageous for both thick and thin effects because...
Thin: lack of dead zone effects Thick: less attenuation (suited for automated tests on large parts)
42
Two disadvantages of Through-Transmission testing?
1. Need access to both sides | 2. Needs to be lined up exactly
43
How is the quality of a material measured with Through-Transmission?
A defective part will result in partial/complete loss of sound transmission.
44
How is the quality of the material measured with pulse echo?
The pip can be interpreted and evaluated.
45
What are 4 advantages of immersion testing over contact testing?
1. Easier angulation of transducer 2. Higher sensitivity possible with higher frequency 3. Limited near zone effects 4. Better near surface resolution
46
What are the 3 different immersion testing types?
Bubbler/squirter, conventional and wheel transducer
47
What are 3 advantages of focused transducer testing over regular immersion testing?
Improves sensitivity & resolution, diminishes effects caused by rough front surface/scattering
48
What info does a B-Scan give?
Thickness of material, depth of discontinuity from front surface and the size of the discontinuity in one direction.
49
What info does a C-Scan give?
AREA of discontinuity but not depth/orientation to front surface
50
When would a C-Scan likely be used?
With an automated system
51
What are the 3 main areas of resonance testing?
1. Thickness measurement (parallel surfaces) 2. Bond testing 3. Detect large discontinuity oriented parallel to front surface

UT L1 (8 decks)

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