5-State & Tools of Statecraft Flashcards
What is statecraft?
a state’s strategy for vis-a-vis (with regards to) other states
What is a state according to the 4 legal conditions outlined in the 1933 Montevideo Convention?
TSAR
1) T - territory; geographically bounded territorial base
2) S - stable population within its borders
3) A- allegiance; population owes its allegiance to an effective government
4) R - recognition; other states recognize it diplomatically
What is a nation?
a group of people who share a common history, heritage, language, customs, culture, etc.
What is credibility in the context of tools of statecraft?
other states believe a state can/will do what it says
when a state has both the ABILITY and INCENTIVE to act
or CAPABILITY and INTENT
What is diplomacy in the context of tools of statecraft? How do liberals and realists view diplomacy?
the use of bargaining and negotiation, taking or refraining from a specific action, or appealing to a foreign public for support of a position
liberals - talking is better than not talking
realists - skeptical; effective only when backed by military or economic forces
To what does “two-level game” refer in the context of statecraft? How can it be a complicated game?
influencing other state actors as well as their domestic audiences
policies/actions that work at one level may not work at the other
What is public diplomacy in the context of statecraft?
targeting both foreign publics and elites to create an overall image that enhances a country’s ability to achieve its diplomatic objectives
What is track-two diplomacy?
using individuals outside the government to carry out negotiations
What are the 3 types of economic sanctions?
positive engagement, i.e., carrot (aka positive sanctions)
negative sanctions (sanctions), i.e., stick
smart sanctions - targeting the specific “who” behind the “what” (activity) rather than an entire state (thus recognizing the importance of the individual in IR…what do realists think about smart sanctions?)
How effective are economic sanctions?
one empirical study of UN-imposed sanctions found that they changed behavior only 10% of the time
Thomas Biersteker, Sue E. Eckert, Marcos Tourinho, and Zuzana Hudakova, The Effectiveness of United Nations Targeted Sanctions: Findings from the Targeted Sanctions Consortium, http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/287976/files/effectiveness_TCS_nov_2013 .pdf (accessed1/4/18).
What is compellence?
actions to cause behavior
when a state threatens to use force to get another state to do something or undo an action
What is deterrence?
actions to prevent behavior
when a state threatens to use force IF another state does something
What is the rational model of decision-making?
a state (unitary actor) identifies a problem, defines goals, determines policy alternatives (COAs), weighs costs/benefits, and selects the action with lowest cost & highest benefit
[assumes an ability to properly scope the problem, identify the full range of viable policy options, and identify the full range of costs/benefits]
What is the bureaucratic / organizational model of decision-making?
highlights the role that sub-national gov’t organizations and bureaucracies play in influencing policy decisions
organizational procedures or bureaucratic interests influence decisions
What is the pluralist model of decision-making?
societal groups influence foreign policy decisions
e.g., interest groups, MNCs, public opinion, mass movements
