5-special Diets Flashcards
Health problems associated with a high-sugar diet
- overweight and obesity
- tooth decay
Effects of high-salt intake
- high blood pressure
- coronary heart disease
- stroke
- kidney damage
Benefits of high-fibre diet
-causes muscular movement in the intestine which pushes the food along easily
Effects of low fibre intake
- constipation
- bowel disease: caused when hard faeces becomes stuck in the bowel wall
- piles (swollen blood vessels) occur around the anus as a result of hard water passing through
Guidelines for reducing salt in diet
- reduce amount of salt you add at table and at cooking
- use herbs, spices and pepper to flavour food instead of salt
- avoid foods with a high salt content eg stock cubes, ketchup
- choose fresh meat instead of processed meat
- avoid high salt snacks and eat veg instead
Guidelines for increasing fibre intake
- choose whole cereals such as brown bread, brown rice and whole pasta instead of refined cereals
- eat high-fibre breakfast cereals
- leaves the skins on fruit and vegetables where possible
- choose whole fruits instead of fruit juices
- include peas,beans and lentils in the diet
Define obesity
Being 20 percent or more over the recommended weight for height and build
Causes of obesity
- overeating
- lack of exercise
- energy imbalance
- genetic problem
- poor nutritional knowledge
Risks associated with obesity
- reduced life expectancy
- coronary heart disease
- high blood pressure
- stroke
- varicose veins
- gallstones
- pains in joints
Dietary guidelines for obesity
- ensure energy balance
- exercise
- avoid crash diets-gradual weight loss is better
- eat breakfast
- increase intake of water
- modify recipes to increase dietary fibre and reduce sugar, salt etc.
- never skip meals
- eat varied diet
- avoid convience foods
Health problems associated with high-fat diets
- obesity
- coronary heart disease
What is coronary heart disease?
Coronary heart disease is caused by the build-up of cholesterol on the walls of the arteries
Problems caused by coronary heart disease
- heart attack
- stroke
- sudden death
Causes of CHD
- family history
- diet high in saturated fats
- obesity
- lack of exercise
- stress
- alcohol
- smoking
Dietary guidelines for CHD
- reduce intake of saturated fats
- increase intake of oily fish
- replace high-fat products with low-fat varieties
- increase intake of dietary fibre
- omit salt from cooking and at the table
- avoid connivence foods or take away
Essential lifestyle changes needed for CHD
- exercise
- reduce stress
- stop smoking
- avoid alcohol
Two types of eating disorders
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa
Two types of vegetarians
- lacto-vegetarians
- vegans
What are lacto-vegetarians?
Do not eat meat, fish or poultry
What are vegans?
Do not eat any foods or food products associated with animals
Reasons for choosing a vegetarian diet
- moral reasons
- religious reasons
- health
- cheaper
Guidelines for a vegetarian diet
- use only vegetable stock
- eat a wide variety of foods
- include TVP and quorn
- use fortified soya milk to provide calcium
- include pulses and nuts for protein
What is coeliac disease?
A person who has coeliac disease cannot digest gluten
What are foods to avoid if you have coeliac disease?
- all products made from wheat, barley, oats and rye
- products containing breadcrumbs
- many convenience foods
- packet soups and sauces
Examples of manufacturers who make gluten free food
- barkat
- free from (tesco)
- kelkin
- doves farm
What is diabetes?
When a person had diabetes, the body cannot produce insulin/ it cannot use insulin to control the level of sugar in the blood
What is type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent)?
Insulin is not produced at all in the body.
Sugar collects in the blood and goes into the urine without producing any energy.
Insulin injections are used to control it.
What is type 2 diabetes (non-Insulin dependent)?
The body cannot use the insulin it produces. Happens mainly in adults and it is linked to being overweight.
Controlled by weight loss and a strict diet
Guidelines for controlling diabetes
- reach correct body weight
- exercise regularly to balance blood sugar levels
- eat regularly and never miss a meal or snack
- eat high-fibre carb foods
- avoid foods high in sugar
