5-special Diets

Question 1

Health problems associated with a high-sugar diet

Answer 1

• overweight and obesity

- tooth decay

Question 2

Effects of high-salt intake

Answer 2

• high blood pressure
• coronary heart disease
• stroke
• kidney damage

Question 3

Benefits of high-fibre diet

Answer 3

-causes muscular movement in the intestine which pushes the food along easily

Question 4

Effects of low fibre intake

Answer 4

• constipation
• bowel disease: caused when hard faeces becomes stuck in the bowel wall
• piles (swollen blood vessels) occur around the anus as a result of hard water passing through

Question 5

Guidelines for reducing salt in diet

Answer 5

• reduce amount of salt you add at table and at cooking
• use herbs, spices and pepper to flavour food instead of salt
• avoid foods with a high salt content eg stock cubes, ketchup
• choose fresh meat instead of processed meat
• avoid high salt snacks and eat veg instead

Question 6

Guidelines for increasing fibre intake

Answer 6

• choose whole cereals such as brown bread, brown rice and whole pasta instead of refined cereals
• eat high-fibre breakfast cereals
• leaves the skins on fruit and vegetables where possible
• choose whole fruits instead of fruit juices
• include peas,beans and lentils in the diet

Question 7

Define obesity

Answer 7

Being 20 percent or more over the recommended weight for height and build

Question 8

Causes of obesity

Answer 8

• overeating
• lack of exercise
• energy imbalance
• genetic problem
• poor nutritional knowledge

Question 9

Risks associated with obesity

Answer 9

• reduced life expectancy
• coronary heart disease
• high blood pressure
• stroke
• varicose veins
• gallstones
• pains in joints

Question 10

Dietary guidelines for obesity

Answer 10

• ensure energy balance
• exercise
• avoid crash diets-gradual weight loss is better
• eat breakfast
• increase intake of water
• modify recipes to increase dietary fibre and reduce sugar, salt etc.
• never skip meals
• eat varied diet
• avoid convience foods

Question 11

Health problems associated with high-fat diets

Answer 11

• obesity

- coronary heart disease

Question 12

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 12

Coronary heart disease is caused by the build-up of cholesterol on the walls of the arteries

Question 13

Problems caused by coronary heart disease

Answer 13

• heart attack
• stroke
• sudden death

Question 14

Causes of CHD

Answer 14

• family history
• diet high in saturated fats
• obesity
• lack of exercise
• stress
• alcohol
• smoking

Question 15

Dietary guidelines for CHD

Answer 15

• reduce intake of saturated fats
• increase intake of oily fish
• replace high-fat products with low-fat varieties
• increase intake of dietary fibre
• omit salt from cooking and at the table
• avoid connivence foods or take away

Question 16

Essential lifestyle changes needed for CHD

Answer 16

• exercise
• reduce stress
• stop smoking
• avoid alcohol

Question 17

Two types of eating disorders

Answer 17

• anorexia nervosa

- bulimia nervosa

Question 18

Two types of vegetarians

Answer 18

• lacto-vegetarians

- vegans

Question 19

What are lacto-vegetarians?

Answer 19

Do not eat meat, fish or poultry

Question 20

What are vegans?

Answer 20

Do not eat any foods or food products associated with animals

Question 21

Reasons for choosing a vegetarian diet

Answer 21

• moral reasons
• religious reasons
• health
• cheaper

Question 22

Guidelines for a vegetarian diet

Answer 22

• use only vegetable stock
• eat a wide variety of foods
• include TVP and quorn
• use fortified soya milk to provide calcium
• include pulses and nuts for protein

Question 23

What is coeliac disease?

Answer 23

A person who has coeliac disease cannot digest gluten

Question 24

What are foods to avoid if you have coeliac disease?

Answer 24

• all products made from wheat, barley, oats and rye
• products containing breadcrumbs
• many convenience foods
• packet soups and sauces

Question 25

Examples of manufacturers who make gluten free food

Answer 25

• barkat
• free from (tesco)
• kelkin
• doves farm

Question 26

What is diabetes?

Answer 26

When a person had diabetes, the body cannot produce insulin/ it cannot use insulin to control the level of sugar in the blood

Question 27

What is type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent)?

Answer 27

Insulin is not produced at all in the body.
Sugar collects in the blood and goes into the urine without producing any energy.
Insulin injections are used to control it.

Question 28

What is type 2 diabetes (non-Insulin dependent)?

Answer 28

The body cannot use the insulin it produces. Happens mainly in adults and it is linked to being overweight.
Controlled by weight loss and a strict diet

Question 29

Guidelines for controlling diabetes

Answer 29

• reach correct body weight
• exercise regularly to balance blood sugar levels
• eat regularly and never miss a meal or snack
• eat high-fibre carb foods
• avoid foods high in sugar