5. Situationism

Question 1

Milgram experiment

Answer 1

Participants who obeyed the experimenter when ordered to shock someone

Question 2

Explicit vs implicit norms

Answer 2

Explicit norms are straightforward (eg no smoking)

Implicit norms have to be inferred from:
Observed uniformity
Negative consequences

Question 3

Normative influence

Answer 3

To fit in, to avoid confrontation

Question 4

Informational influence

Answer 4

We accept evidence about reality provided by others

Question 5

False consensus effect

Answer 5

People choose to engage in behavior because they believe their choice is more common than do people making the opposite choice

Question 6

What contributes to false consensus

Answer 6

Cognitive /availability heuristic: my own choices and choices of my close friends are overweighted when inferring consensus

Motivational: we like to believe we have social support

Question 7

Uniqueness bias

Answer 7

Tendency to underestimate the proportion of others who can or will perform a desirable action

Tendency to overestimate the proportion of others who can or will perform an undesirable action (eg cheating)

Question 8

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 8

When virtually every member of a group or society privately rejects a belief, opinion, or practice yet believes that virtually every other member privately accepts it

Question 9

Factors that drive pluralistic ignorance

Answer 9

Misrepresentation of private attitudes

Vocal minority

Silent majority