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Prostho II > 5. RPD connectors > Flashcards

5. RPD connectors Flashcards

1
Q

Major connectors are joined to… (5)

A
  • Direct retainers (through minor connectors)
  • indirect retainers (through minor connectors)
  • Occlusal / incisal rests
  • proximal plates
  • bases (major connector puts together all bases of the RPD by crossing the midline)
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2
Q

By joining indrect retainers and occlusal rests, they participate in…

A

indirect retention

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3
Q

Major connectors can join ____ retainers too

A

several

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4
Q

Major connectors are classified by … (3)

A
  • mobility
  • location
  • size + shape
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5
Q

How are major connectors classified by mobility? (4)

A
  • Rigid

- Mobile (jointed major connectors and stress breakers)

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6
Q

How are major connectors classified by their location?

A
  • maxillary

- mandibular

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7
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape? (3)

(in increasing size order)

A
  • Bars
  • Straps
  • Plates
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8
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape with bars? (4)

A
  • Single or double
  • Thick and narrow
  • Lingual bar: good
  • Maxillary bar: uncomfortable
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9
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape with straps? (2)

A
  • single or double

- th and wider (6-10mm)

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10
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape with plates?

A

Thing and wide (10 or more mm)

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11
Q

What are the functions of a major connector? (7)

A
  • Connection
  • Strength and rigidity
  • Secondary retention
  • Indirect retention
  • Stability
  • Support
  • Phonetics
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12
Q

Major connector function: Connection? (3)

A
  • Joining the bases of the denture

- Mooring (anchor) or direct retainers (through the minor connectors)

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13
Q

Major connector function: Strength and rigidity? (4)

A

The dentures bear functional load

  • That load would move RPD elements if its not strong as a whole
  • That would produce harm to supporting tissues
  • collaborate in keeping a stable occlusion
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14
Q

Major connector function: Strength and rigidity depends on? (3)

A
  • Material (Co-Cr alloys > titanium and gold)
  • Thickness
  • Extension
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15
Q

Major connector function: More strength and rigidity is needed…. (3)

A
  • when edentulous areas are longer
  • The less sound the abutment teeth are
  • In both cases it is achieved by increasing the major connector extension
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16
Q

Major connector function: Primary retention is provided by…. (2)

A
  • Direct retainers

- Mechanical retention

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17
Q

Major connector function: Secondary retention provided by… (2)

A
  • Bases

- Major connectors

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18
Q

Major connector function: Secondary retention is achieved due to… (4)

A
  • Adhesion
  • Cohesion
  • Border seal
  • Improves the greater extension
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19
Q

Major connector function: indirect retention ?

A

When they extend beyond rearmost occlusal rests

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20
Q

Major connector function: Stability?

A

Assist in opposing to lateral movements

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21
Q

Major connector function: Additional stability? (5)

A

Cingular plate

  • for large edentulous areas (class I & II)
  • When abutment teeth are weak
  • Crowns for anterior teeth with a cingular preparation
  • Major connector extends up to cingular preparation
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22
Q

Major connector function: Support - by distributing load alongside… (2)

A
  • its surface

- prevents bone resorption or occlusal trauma

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23
Q

Major connector function: Support - NOT in the case of…

A

lingual bar

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24
Q

Major connector function: Support- load?

A

Must transmit load evenly to RPD elements

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25
Major connector function: Support - specially for ....
palatal plates
26
Major connector function: Support - thickness?
Need to be thick enough not to bend (can produce ulcers)
27
Major connector function: Support - palate coverage?
Wide so it doesnt alter taste (some patients might think so)
28
Major connector function: Phonetics?
- Must not hinder phonetics - May happen due to excessive thickness - Must be as thin as possible to comply with mechanical requirements (strength adn rigidity) - Coverage of anterior part of palate should be avoided - must never extend beyond vibratory line
29
Why must the major connector never extend beyond the vibratory line?
Ask maria (2 reasons)
30
Do cards for upper major connectors
Skipped it. Slide 20-43
31
Lower major connectors: most frequent?
lingual bar
32
Lower major connectors Lingual bar: should be used... (3)
whenever possible - comfort - respect teeth and soft tissues
33
Lower major connectors Lingual bar: how much space is required?
8mm from gingival margin to floor of the mouth - 4mm minimum for the bar (A) - 3-4mm minimum from the upper border of the bar to the gingival margin (B)
34
Lower major connectors Lingual bar: shape?
Half-pear shape
35
Lower major connectors Lingual bar: the more missing teeth...
the thicker the bar
36
Lower major connectors Lingual bar: to measure available height? (3)
- Ask patient to move the tip of the tongue to the palate - measure distance with a periodontal probe - if LESS than 8mm = lingual plate
37
Lower major connectors Lingual bar: space for tissue supported denture?
0.5mm
38
Lower major connectors Lingual bar: space not needed for...?
tooth supported dentures
39
Shape and extension of upper major connectors depend on? (3)
- Number of missing teeth - location of edentulous areas - location of all the other elements of the RPDs
40
What is very important for upper major connectors? (2)
- Strength | - rigidity
41
Upper major connector: Borders?
Must be 6mm or more away from gingival margins to not compress the gingiva
42
Upper major connector: must cross the palate ____? (3)
In a right angle: - curve parts must be at both sides of the midline - Design needs to be as symmetrical as possible
43
Upper major connector: anterior portion of palate?
- shouldn't be covered
44
Upper major connector: anterior portion of palate, palatal rugae? (3)
- Shouldn't be covered (if possible) - IF it needs to be covered, the palatal plate must end at the deepest area (valley) INSTEAD of at the ridge of the rugae - in this case consider fixed denture or combined prosthesis
45
Upper major connector: what must be done to the outer portion of the upper major connector?
border must be smooth and beveled
46
Upper major connector: inner portion of upper major connector border finish line? (3)
- 0.5mm deep and wide - scratched in the cast - improves border seal
47
Upper major connector: outer surface?
must be perfectly polished
48
Upper major connector: inner surface?
- has to adapt to their irregularities | - Their polishing is not as good as outer surface's
49
Upper major connector: anterior border?
Must be located backwards of indirect retainers
50
Most frequent upper major connector?
Palatal plate
51
Upper major connector palatal plate: extends over more than ____
50% of the palate
52
Upper major connector palatal plate: main indication? (3)
- Moderate kennedy class I: less than 8 teeth missing - Moderate Kennedy class II: less than 4 teeth missing - Long span Kennedys class III
53
Major connector with the most retention, support, strength and rigidity?
Palatal plate
54
Major connector that is only second to complete palatal coverage?
palatal plate
55
What are the types of palatal plates?
*Find out the difference (EMAIL) - Middle - posterior - modified (for kennedys class III)
56
Upper major connector palatal strap: width?
6-10mm
57
Upper major connector palatal strap: indications?
Moderate kennedy's class III tooth supported RPDs
58
Upper major connector palatal strap: support /retention? strength rigidity? (2)
- doesnt provide much support/retention | - acceptable strength and rigidity
59
Upper major connector palatal strap: width determined by?
location of occlusal rests
60
Upper major connector palatal strap: types? (3)
- middle - posterior - anterior (U-shaped)
61
Upper major connector palatal strap: U-shaped cons?
poor rigidity
62
Upper major connector palatal plate: coverage?
covers palate almost completely
63
MC: connection - bars/plates?
Yes
64
MC: structural strength - bars/plates?
Bars- depends on thickness | Plates- great
65
MC: Retention - bars/plates?
Bars- No | Plates- Yes
66
MC: Support - bars/plates?
Bars- No | Plates - Yes
67
MC: Stability - bars/plates?
Bars - little | Plates - good
68
MC: Phonetics hindering?
Bars - no | Plates - Possible
69
Upper major connector types? (5)
- Palatal plate - Palatal strap - U shaped palatal plate - Complete palatal plate - Antero-posterior palatal plate
70
Lower major connector types? (3)
- Lingual bar - Lingual plate - Double lingual bar
71
Upper major connector palatal plate: also known as?
full palatal plate
72
Upper major connector palatal plate: indicated in which classes? (2)
- Kennedy I - Kennedy IV - More than 8 teeth missing
73
Which upper major connector fulfills all the desirable characteristics except phonetics?
Complete upper palatal plate
74
Which upper major connector is mandatory for tissue supported RPDs?
Complete palatal plate
75
What is the advantage of metal over acrylic resin for complete palatal plate ? (5)
- More comfortable - Thinner - More hygenic - Better phonetics - More thermal conductivity
76
Complete palatal plate boundary? (3)
- Anterior base - Cingular rest - Reduced anterior extension
77
Antero-posterior palatal plate: strap width?
6-8mm
78
Antero-posterior palatal plate: Distance between straps?
15mm
79
Antero-posterior palatal plate: kennedy class?
All
80
Antero-posterior palatal plate: Strength / rigidity / support??
Strength and rigidity: Good | Support: Low
81
Antero-posterior palatal plate: indications? (3)
- Moderately long-span kennedy's class III - Torus not removable by surgery - Moderately long-span kennedys classes I, II, IV
82
Lingual bar: the more vertical the lingual surface of the mucosa....
The shorter the distance between bar and soft tissues
83
Lingual bar extension? (2)
- Up to the most posterior tooth of the dentate area
84
Lingual bar extension: class I & II?
- Distal surface of the last teeth
85
Lingual bar extension: class III?
Mesial surface of the last tooth
86
Lingual bar contraindications? (3)
- Tissue supported RPDs (weak abutment teeth) - Large mandibular tori - Shallow floor of the mouth
87
Lingual plate compared to lingual bar?
- More extension and strength - Less comfortable - Less hygienic b/c covers
88
Lingual place support?
Great support
89
Lingual plate stability?
Great stability
90
Lingual plate type of retention?
Indirect retention
91
Lingual plate width?
10 mm
92
Lingual plate border? (2)
- Lower border similar to lingual bar | - Top border flatter and covers lingual surface of alveolar process and teeth (rests over cingula)
93
Lingual plate indications: floor of the mouth?
Shallow - less than 8 mm
94
Lingual plate indications: frenulum?
High lingual frenulum that interferes with bar
95
Lingual plate indications: periodontal health?
Periodontitis of anterior teeth: plate splits the teeth
96
Lingual plate indications: RPD support type? (2)
- Tissue supported | - Wide-span tooth-tissue (class I, II, III) where indirect retention is needed
97
Lingual plate indications: other? (2)
- Mandibular tori | - Incisors missing
98
Lingual plate contraindications?
Disatema between anterior teeth
99
Double lingual bar is also called?
Lingual bar with continuous bar indirect retainer
100
What is a double lingual bar?
Conventional lingual bar plus a kennedy bar
101
How does a double lingual bar connect?
Lingual bar connects through a minor connector with a thinner bar that rests over cingula of anterior teeth
102
What are the requirements for a double lingual bar?
Same as lingual bar
103
Double lingual bar indications? (3)
- When indirect retention is needed (large class I) - Disathema between anterior teeth - Incisal rest seats must be prepared at least at the canines
104
What is a minor connector? (2)
- Connects the MC or base of partial RPD and other units of the prosthesis - Element of RPD that joins everything to the MC (or base sometimes)
105
What does a minor connector connect to the major connector? (4)
- Clasp assembly - Indirect retainers - occlusal tests - cingulum rests
106
How many types of minor connectors are there?
3
107
What are the types of minor connectors? (3)
- Join to MC - Joins to a clasp retainer - MCs that are true proximal plates
108
Elements that can join to the major connect through a minor connector: (5)
- Occlusal rests of a direct retainer - Indirect retainers - Clasp retainers (double ackers, reverse ackers)
109
Minor connectors that joins a clasp retainer to a base?
These minor connectors can be considered proximal plates
110
Minor connectors that are true proximal plates: where are they located?
At the proximal surfaces of teeth
111
Minor connectors that are true proximal plates require?
A guiding plane preparation
112
Minor connectors that are true proximal plates establish?
Path of insertion of the denture
113
Minor connectors that are true proximal plates are part of ...
The retentive complexes of retainers like RPI and RPA
114
What else could be considered a minor connector that is a true proximal plates ? (3)
- Body of the ackers retainer - Retentive elements of the bases (meshworks) - Arms that form the beginning of bar retainers
115
Design characteristics: To not interfere with the tongue, a minor connector must be...
as flat as possible
116
Design characteristics: The minor connector has to join the major connector...
at a right angle
117
Design characteristics: The minor connector must cross soft tissues...
at a right angle
118
Design characteristics: The joint of the minor connector with the major connector must be ...
rounded
119
Design characteristics: Minor connectors and opposing cusps?
Mustn't interfere with opposing cusps
120
Design characteristics: Minor connectors must be... (2)
Strong and rigid
121
Design characteristics: Minor connectors and food?
Mustn't harbor food underneath
122
Design characteristics: Minor connectors have a space between them of no less than...
4-5 mm
123
Design characteristics: Minor connectors have the same separation as...
A lingual bar
124
Design characteristics: Minor connectors must avoid..
Tooth contact at the embrasures
125
Design characteristics: Do minor connectors require tooth preparations?
Sometimes
126
Minor connector functions? (5)
- Joins the rest of the elements of the RPD to the MC - Transmit and distribute forces - Horizontal stabilization - Reciprocation - Encirclement of >180 degrees in direct retainers (prevents tooth displacement)
127
How does a minor connector transmit and distribute forces? (2)
- Fram bases to abutment teeth (through occlusal rests) | - Forces recieved by any element of the RPD to the rest of the RPD and supporting tissues
128
Functions of ackers retainer minor connector?
- It is an extension of the body of the retainer (proximal plate) --> joins it to the base - Stabilizing function: abutment teeth stabilize the base * NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND - transmission of forces between base and abutment tooth - Proximal plate

Prostho II (12 decks)

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