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Prostho II > 5. RPD connectors > Flashcards

5. RPD connectors Flashcards

1
Q

Major connectors are joined to… (5)

A
  • Direct retainers (through minor connectors)
  • indirect retainers (through minor connectors)
  • Occlusal / incisal rests
  • proximal plates
  • bases (major connector puts together all bases of the RPD by crossing the midline)
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2
Q

By joining indrect retainers and occlusal rests, they participate in…

A

indirect retention

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3
Q

Major connectors can join ____ retainers too

A

several

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4
Q

Major connectors are classified by … (3)

A
  • mobility
  • location
  • size + shape
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5
Q

How are major connectors classified by mobility? (4)

A
  • Rigid

- Mobile (jointed major connectors and stress breakers)

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6
Q

How are major connectors classified by their location?

A
  • maxillary

- mandibular

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7
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape? (3)

(in increasing size order)

A
  • Bars
  • Straps
  • Plates
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8
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape with bars? (4)

A
  • Single or double
  • Thick and narrow
  • Lingual bar: good
  • Maxillary bar: uncomfortable
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9
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape with straps? (2)

A
  • single or double

- th and wider (6-10mm)

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10
Q

How are major connectors classified by their size? + shape with plates?

A

Thing and wide (10 or more mm)

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11
Q

What are the functions of a major connector? (7)

A
  • Connection
  • Strength and rigidity
  • Secondary retention
  • Indirect retention
  • Stability
  • Support
  • Phonetics
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12
Q

Major connector function: Connection? (3)

A
  • Joining the bases of the denture

- Mooring (anchor) or direct retainers (through the minor connectors)

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13
Q

Major connector function: Strength and rigidity? (4)

A

The dentures bear functional load

  • That load would move RPD elements if its not strong as a whole
  • That would produce harm to supporting tissues
  • collaborate in keeping a stable occlusion
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14
Q

Major connector function: Strength and rigidity depends on? (3)

A
  • Material (Co-Cr alloys > titanium and gold)
  • Thickness
  • Extension
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15
Q

Major connector function: More strength and rigidity is needed…. (3)

A
  • when edentulous areas are longer
  • The less sound the abutment teeth are
  • In both cases it is achieved by increasing the major connector extension
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16
Q

Major connector function: Primary retention is provided by…. (2)

A
  • Direct retainers

- Mechanical retention

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17
Q

Major connector function: Secondary retention provided by… (2)

A
  • Bases

- Major connectors

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18
Q

Major connector function: Secondary retention is achieved due to… (4)

A
  • Adhesion
  • Cohesion
  • Border seal
  • Improves the greater extension
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19
Q

Major connector function: indirect retention ?

A

When they extend beyond rearmost occlusal rests

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20
Q

Major connector function: Stability?

A

Assist in opposing to lateral movements

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21
Q

Major connector function: Additional stability? (5)

A

Cingular plate

  • for large edentulous areas (class I & II)
  • When abutment teeth are weak
  • Crowns for anterior teeth with a cingular preparation
  • Major connector extends up to cingular preparation
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22
Q

Major connector function: Support - by distributing load alongside… (2)

A
  • its surface

- prevents bone resorption or occlusal trauma

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23
Q

Major connector function: Support - NOT in the case of…

A

lingual bar

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24
Q

Major connector function: Support- load?

A

Must transmit load evenly to RPD elements

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25
Q

Major connector function: Support - specially for ….

A

palatal plates

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26
Q

Major connector function: Support - thickness?

A

Need to be thick enough not to bend (can produce ulcers)

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27
Q

Major connector function: Support - palate coverage?

A

Wide so it doesnt alter taste (some patients might think so)

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28
Q

Major connector function: Phonetics?

A
  • Must not hinder phonetics
  • May happen due to excessive thickness
  • Must be as thin as possible to comply with mechanical requirements (strength adn rigidity)
  • Coverage of anterior part of palate should be avoided
  • must never extend beyond vibratory line
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29
Q

Why must the major connector never extend beyond the vibratory line?

A

Ask maria (2 reasons)

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30
Q

Do cards for upper major connectors

A

Skipped it. Slide 20-43

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31
Q

Lower major connectors: most frequent?

A

lingual bar

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32
Q

Lower major connectors Lingual bar: should be used… (3)

A

whenever possible

  • comfort
  • respect teeth and soft tissues
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33
Q

Lower major connectors Lingual bar: how much space is required?

A

8mm from gingival margin to floor of the mouth

  • 4mm minimum for the bar (A)
  • 3-4mm minimum from the upper border of the bar to the gingival margin (B)
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34
Q

Lower major connectors Lingual bar: shape?

A

Half-pear shape

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35
Q

Lower major connectors Lingual bar: the more missing teeth…

A

the thicker the bar

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36
Q

Lower major connectors Lingual bar: to measure available height? (3)

A
  • Ask patient to move the tip of the tongue to the palate
  • measure distance with a periodontal probe
  • if LESS than 8mm = lingual plate
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37
Q

Lower major connectors Lingual bar: space for tissue supported denture?

A

0.5mm

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38
Q

Lower major connectors Lingual bar: space not needed for…?

A

tooth supported dentures

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39
Q

Shape and extension of upper major connectors depend on? (3)

A
  • Number of missing teeth
  • location of edentulous areas
  • location of all the other elements of the RPDs
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40
Q

What is very important for upper major connectors? (2)

A
  • Strength

- rigidity

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41
Q

Upper major connector: Borders?

A

Must be 6mm or more away from gingival margins to not compress the gingiva

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42
Q

Upper major connector: must cross the palate ____? (3)

A

In a right angle:

  • curve parts must be at both sides of the midline
  • Design needs to be as symmetrical as possible
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43
Q

Upper major connector: anterior portion of palate?

A
  • shouldn’t be covered
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44
Q

Upper major connector: anterior portion of palate, palatal rugae? (3)

A
  • Shouldn’t be covered (if possible)
  • IF it needs to be covered, the palatal plate must end at the deepest area (valley) INSTEAD of at the ridge of the rugae
  • in this case consider fixed denture or combined prosthesis
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45
Q

Upper major connector: what must be done to the outer portion of the upper major connector?

A

border must be smooth and beveled

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46
Q

Upper major connector: inner portion of upper major connector border finish line? (3)

A
  • 0.5mm deep and wide
  • scratched in the cast
  • improves border seal
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47
Q

Upper major connector: outer surface?

A

must be perfectly polished

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48
Q

Upper major connector: inner surface?

A
  • has to adapt to their irregularities

- Their polishing is not as good as outer surface’s

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49
Q

Upper major connector: anterior border?

A

Must be located backwards of indirect retainers

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50
Q

Most frequent upper major connector?

A

Palatal plate

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51
Q

Upper major connector palatal plate: extends over more than ____

A

50% of the palate

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52
Q

Upper major connector palatal plate: main indication? (3)

A
  • Moderate kennedy class I: less than 8 teeth missing
  • Moderate Kennedy class II: less than 4 teeth missing
  • Long span Kennedys class III
53
Q

Major connector with the most retention, support, strength and rigidity?

A

Palatal plate

54
Q

Major connector that is only second to complete palatal coverage?

A

palatal plate

55
Q

What are the types of palatal plates?

A

*Find out the difference (EMAIL)

  • Middle
  • posterior
  • modified (for kennedys class III)
56
Q

Upper major connector palatal strap: width?

A

6-10mm

57
Q

Upper major connector palatal strap: indications?

A

Moderate kennedy’s class III tooth supported RPDs

58
Q

Upper major connector palatal strap: support /retention? strength rigidity? (2)

A
  • doesnt provide much support/retention

- acceptable strength and rigidity

59
Q

Upper major connector palatal strap: width determined by?

A

location of occlusal rests

60
Q

Upper major connector palatal strap: types? (3)

A
  • middle
  • posterior
  • anterior (U-shaped)
61
Q

Upper major connector palatal strap: U-shaped cons?

A

poor rigidity

62
Q

Upper major connector palatal plate: coverage?

A

covers palate almost completely

63
Q

MC: connection - bars/plates?

A

Yes

64
Q

MC: structural strength - bars/plates?

A

Bars- depends on thickness

Plates- great

65
Q

MC: Retention - bars/plates?

A

Bars- No

Plates- Yes

66
Q

MC: Support - bars/plates?

A

Bars- No

Plates - Yes

67
Q

MC: Stability - bars/plates?

A

Bars - little

Plates - good

68
Q

MC: Phonetics hindering?

A

Bars - no

Plates - Possible

69
Q

Upper major connector types? (5)

A
  • Palatal plate
  • Palatal strap
  • U shaped palatal plate
  • Complete palatal plate
  • Antero-posterior palatal plate
70
Q

Lower major connector types? (3)

A
  • Lingual bar
  • Lingual plate
  • Double lingual bar
71
Q

Upper major connector palatal plate: also known as?

A

full palatal plate

72
Q

Upper major connector palatal plate: indicated in which classes? (2)

A
  • Kennedy I
  • Kennedy IV
  • More than 8 teeth missing
73
Q

Which upper major connector fulfills all the desirable characteristics except phonetics?

A

Complete upper palatal plate

74
Q

Which upper major connector is mandatory for tissue supported RPDs?

A

Complete palatal plate

75
Q

What is the advantage of metal over acrylic resin for complete palatal plate ? (5)

A
  • More comfortable
  • Thinner
  • More hygenic
  • Better phonetics
  • More thermal conductivity
76
Q

Complete palatal plate boundary? (3)

A
  • Anterior base
  • Cingular rest
  • Reduced anterior extension
77
Q

Antero-posterior palatal plate: strap width?

A

6-8mm

78
Q

Antero-posterior palatal plate: Distance between straps?

A

15mm

79
Q

Antero-posterior palatal plate: kennedy class?

A

All

80
Q

Antero-posterior palatal plate: Strength / rigidity / support??

A

Strength and rigidity: Good

Support: Low

81
Q

Antero-posterior palatal plate: indications? (3)

A
  • Moderately long-span kennedy’s class III
  • Torus not removable by surgery
  • Moderately long-span kennedys classes I, II, IV
82
Q

Lingual bar: the more vertical the lingual surface of the mucosa….

A

The shorter the distance between bar and soft tissues

83
Q

Lingual bar extension? (2)

A
  • Up to the most posterior tooth of the dentate area
84
Q

Lingual bar extension: class I & II?

A
  • Distal surface of the last teeth
85
Q

Lingual bar extension: class III?

A

Mesial surface of the last tooth

86
Q

Lingual bar contraindications? (3)

A
  • Tissue supported RPDs (weak abutment teeth)
  • Large mandibular tori
  • Shallow floor of the mouth
87
Q

Lingual plate compared to lingual bar?

A
  • More extension and strength
  • Less comfortable
  • Less hygienic b/c covers
88
Q

Lingual place support?

A

Great support

89
Q

Lingual plate stability?

A

Great stability

90
Q

Lingual plate type of retention?

A

Indirect retention

91
Q

Lingual plate width?

A

10 mm

92
Q

Lingual plate border? (2)

A
  • Lower border similar to lingual bar

- Top border flatter and covers lingual surface of alveolar process and teeth (rests over cingula)

93
Q

Lingual plate indications: floor of the mouth?

A

Shallow - less than 8 mm

94
Q

Lingual plate indications: frenulum?

A

High lingual frenulum that interferes with bar

95
Q

Lingual plate indications: periodontal health?

A

Periodontitis of anterior teeth: plate splits the teeth

96
Q

Lingual plate indications: RPD support type? (2)

A
  • Tissue supported

- Wide-span tooth-tissue (class I, II, III) where indirect retention is needed

97
Q

Lingual plate indications: other? (2)

A
  • Mandibular tori

- Incisors missing

98
Q

Lingual plate contraindications?

A

Disatema between anterior teeth

99
Q

Double lingual bar is also called?

A

Lingual bar with continuous bar indirect retainer

100
Q

What is a double lingual bar?

A

Conventional lingual bar plus a kennedy bar

101
Q

How does a double lingual bar connect?

A

Lingual bar connects through a minor connector with a thinner bar that rests over cingula of anterior teeth

102
Q

What are the requirements for a double lingual bar?

A

Same as lingual bar

103
Q

Double lingual bar indications? (3)

A
  • When indirect retention is needed (large class I)
  • Disathema between anterior teeth
  • Incisal rest seats must be prepared at least at the canines
104
Q

What is a minor connector? (2)

A
  • Connects the MC or base of partial RPD and other units of the prosthesis
  • Element of RPD that joins everything to the MC (or base sometimes)
105
Q

What does a minor connector connect to the major connector? (4)

A
  • Clasp assembly
  • Indirect retainers
  • occlusal tests
  • cingulum rests
106
Q

How many types of minor connectors are there?

A

3

107
Q

What are the types of minor connectors? (3)

A
  • Join to MC
  • Joins to a clasp retainer
  • MCs that are true proximal plates
108
Q

Elements that can join to the major connect through a minor connector: (5)

A
  • Occlusal rests of a direct retainer
  • Indirect retainers
  • Clasp retainers (double ackers, reverse ackers)
109
Q

Minor connectors that joins a clasp retainer to a base?

A

These minor connectors can be considered proximal plates

110
Q

Minor connectors that are true proximal plates: where are they located?

A

At the proximal surfaces of teeth

111
Q

Minor connectors that are true proximal plates require?

A

A guiding plane preparation

112
Q

Minor connectors that are true proximal plates establish?

A

Path of insertion of the denture

113
Q

Minor connectors that are true proximal plates are part of …

A

The retentive complexes of retainers like RPI and RPA

114
Q

What else could be considered a minor connector that is a true proximal plates ? (3)

A
  • Body of the ackers retainer
  • Retentive elements of the bases (meshworks)
  • Arms that form the beginning of bar retainers
115
Q

Design characteristics: To not interfere with the tongue, a minor connector must be…

A

as flat as possible

116
Q

Design characteristics: The minor connector has to join the major connector…

A

at a right angle

117
Q

Design characteristics: The minor connector must cross soft tissues…

A

at a right angle

118
Q

Design characteristics: The joint of the minor connector with the major connector must be …

A

rounded

119
Q

Design characteristics: Minor connectors and opposing cusps?

A

Mustn’t interfere with opposing cusps

120
Q

Design characteristics: Minor connectors must be… (2)

A

Strong and rigid

121
Q

Design characteristics: Minor connectors and food?

A

Mustn’t harbor food underneath

122
Q

Design characteristics: Minor connectors have a space between them of no less than…

A

4-5 mm

123
Q

Design characteristics: Minor connectors have the same separation as…

A

A lingual bar

124
Q

Design characteristics: Minor connectors must avoid..

A

Tooth contact at the embrasures

125
Q

Design characteristics: Do minor connectors require tooth preparations?

A

Sometimes

126
Q

Minor connector functions? (5)

A
  • Joins the rest of the elements of the RPD to the MC
  • Transmit and distribute forces
  • Horizontal stabilization
  • Reciprocation
  • Encirclement of >180 degrees in direct retainers (prevents tooth displacement)
127
Q

How does a minor connector transmit and distribute forces? (2)

A
  • Fram bases to abutment teeth (through occlusal rests)

- Forces recieved by any element of the RPD to the rest of the RPD and supporting tissues

128
Q

Functions of ackers retainer minor connector?

A
  • It is an extension of the body of the retainer (proximal plate) –> joins it to the base
  • Stabilizing function: abutment teeth stabilize the base * NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND
  • transmission of forces between base and abutment tooth
  • Proximal plate

Prostho II (12 decks)

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