Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology: Part 2 > 5) Psoriasis > Flashcards

5) Psoriasis Flashcards

1
Q

What causes psoriasis and how is it characterized?

A

There is an increase in cell proliferation.

It is characterized by erythema and elevated scaly plaque.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two distinct peaks when psoriasis can occur?

A

At age 16-22 (early onset)

At age 57-60 (late onset)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is psoriasis more severe with early onset or late onset?

A

Early onset has a higher likelihood of being more severe and extensive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the prevalence in women to men

A

Affects men and women equally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is their a genetic risk factor with psoriasis?

A

Risk ranges from 35-90% if a family history is present but it is more commonly occurring in certain ethnic groups (rarely South/North Americans and Japanese)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the formula resulting in an autoimmune disease calculating the etiology of psoriasis?

A

Genetic predisposition +/- predisposing factor + precipitating trigger
= inappropriate immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 5 external predisposing factors?

A 
Obesity
Alcohol consumption
Smoking
Stress
Viral/bacterial infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 infections that can possible cause a flare in psoriasis?

A 
HIV
Thrush
Strep throat
Staphylococcal skin infection
Viral upper respiratory infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are three associated triggers to psoriasis?

A

Drugs (NSAIDs, Beta blockers, lithium)
Cold, dry weather
Skin Trauma (cuts, bruises, burns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WhT is the Koebner Phenomenon?

A

Within 7-14 days of experiencing some sort of trauma to the skin (burn, chafing, cut, allergic reaction), psoriasis will follow the trauma.
Occurs in 50% of people who already have psoriasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the physiological roles of skin?

A

Wound repairing, thermo-regulating barrier to the elements and pathogens
Protects from UV rays and synthesizes vitamin D.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis (physical barrier)
Dermis (connective tissue and blood vessels)
Hypo-dermis (structure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How often does the skin renew itself?

A

Every 4 to 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis called and what is it mainly made up of?

A

Stratum corneum is mainly composed of keratinocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four types of cells within the epidermis, their roles and the percentage the make up?

A

Keratinocytes: structure, 80-85%
Melanocytes: pigment, 5%
Langerhans: detection and destruction of foreign bodies, 2-5%
Merkel cells: touch, 6-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When do keratinocytes differentiate?

A

The differentiate while en route from the basal cells to the stratum corneum.

17
Q

What is the current hypothesis as to what triggers the T-cell mediated, autoimmune disease?

A

An unknown pathogen stimulates an immune response which leads to the impaired differentiation and hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes

18
Q

The activation of T-cells on the skin due to antigen presenting cells causes the release of what?

A

Inflammatory mediators that drive inflammatory response such as cytokines and chemokines

19
Q

Keratinocyte proliferation causing reduced differentiation and plaque build up is induced by what?

A

Activated T-cells.

20
Q

If the normal maturation of a cell is greater than 30 days, what is the abnormal maturation?

A

3-5 days

21
Q

How much more keratinocytes does plaque have compared to regular skin?

A

30x more

22
Q

What are the 4 major pathogenic changes with psoriasis?

A

Epidermal thickening
Erythema (development of new blood vessels and increased capillary permeability)
Silvery psoriatic scales
Elongated “rete ridges”

23
Q

Name the 6 types of psoriasis.

A 
Psoriasis vulgaris (chronic plaque)
Guttate
Flexural
Erythrodermic
Pustular
Local forms (palmoplantar, scalp, nail)
24
Q

What are the characteristics of Guttate psoriasis?

A

Infections or stress can bring on small teardrop lesions on the trunk, limb or face of small children and young adults, that generally clear up on its own.

25
Q

What are the characteristics of Flexural psoriasis?

A

It is smooth, shiny, inflamed patches on flexural parts of the body such as the armpits and groin, occurring in those with plaque psoriasis.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Eruthrodermic psoriasis?

A

It is the rarest of psoriasis, possibly occurring due to drug reactions, trauma or stress covering, the entire body (75-90%) with red, inflammatory patches with little scaling.
Can lead to malabsorption, infection and anemia

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Pustular or vonZumbusch psoriasis?

A

It is white pustules surrounded by red skin localized on the hands and feet found on adults, although uncommon.

28
Q

When speaking of psoriasis, it is understood that you are speaking of psoriasis vulgaris. What are its main characteristics?

A

Occurring in 80-90% of patients it is the most common appearing as silvery scales and plaque over a red surface covering elbows, knees (extensors), back, genitalia and buttocks

29
Q

Describe the three local psoriasis.

A

Palmoplantar: can be hyperkeratotic or pustular
Scalp: occurs along the hairline or back of neck as dry fine scales or thick crusted plaques
Nail: “Subungual hyperkeratosis” is silvery crusting around a thickening nail. “Onycholysis” is the separation of the nail for the nail bed at the free edge.

30
Q

What are some comorbidities that can occur neither psoriasis?

A 
Inflammatory bowel disease
Cardiovascular disease
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity
Depression
31
Q

This can occur 7-10 years after psoriasis appears, mainly in patients with hair and scalp.

A

Psoriatic arthritis

32
Q

What is the appearance and location of psoriatic arthritis?

A

Red, warm, inflamed, deformity in the wrist, ankles, knees, back or neck

33
Q

What are the general goals of treatment?

A

Tailor management to individual and address both medical and psychological aspects and improve quality of life.

34
Q

What are the three measures of treatment success?

A

Clearance: disease control with no signs or symptoms
Control: response to therapy that satisfies patient and physician
Remission: disease controlled for an extended period of time

35
Q

What are three measures of treatment failure?

A

Exacerbation: worsening of disease
Flare: exacerbation while on therapy, or disease changes
Rebound: exacerbation due to treatment discontinuation

36
Q

What are some treatment measures?

A

Reduce/eliminate potential triggers
Use of topical treatments
Systemic and phototherapy(UVB Light)

37
Q

What topical agents can be used for the treatment of psoriasis?

A

Emollients (hydrating)
Keratolytics (softens plaque, decrease proliferation, decrease TCells activation)
Corticosteroids (reduce cytokines production)
Vitamin D analogues (inhibit keratinocyte proliferation)

38
Q

What are two systemic drugs that can be given for treatment?

A

Methotrexate

Cyclosporine

39
Q

Is psoriasis chronic or acute?

A

Chronic

Pathophysiology: Part 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions