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a;lskdjf > 5 - Parasitic Diseases > Flashcards

5 - Parasitic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever parasite

A

Ixodid tick

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2
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever epidemiology

A
  • More common in children, young adults who venture outdoors
  • Males more likely than females
  • Transmitted by ixodid tick bite
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3
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever patient presentation

A
  • 3-14 days after tick bite
  • Sudden onset of headache, fever, then chills, myalgias, arthralgias; rash appears anywhere from day 1 to day 6
  • Rash characteristically begins on wrists, forearms and ankles, then spreads to arms, thighs and trunk, and finally face. 13% of cases have NO rash
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4
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever diagnosis

A
  • Immunofluorescent antibody to anti-rickettsii antibodies

- Direct immunofluorescence of antigen within endothelial cells

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5
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever treatment

A
  • Doxycycline 200 mg/day PO or IV in two divided doses

- Chloramphenicol 50-75 mg/kg/day in four divided doses

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6
Q

Flea bite parasite

A

Ctenocephalides canis

  • Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis)
  • Ectoparasite (a parasite, such as a flea, that lives on the outside of its host)
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7
Q

Flea bite signs and symptoms

A
  • Papular pruritic urticaria occurs at bite site, found on knees, legs of children
  • May be in various stages of crusting if re-exposure occurs
  • Self-limiting disease, secondary infections are very unlikely in humans
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8
Q

Flea bite treatmetn

A
  • Topical antihistamine
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9
Q

Bed bug parasite

A

Cimex lectularius

  • Reside in cracks in floors and walls, in bedding, and in furniture
  • They usually feed only once a week, and less often in cold weather
  • Can travel long distances in search of a human host, and can survive for 6-12 months without feeding
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10
Q

Bed bug signs and symptoms

A
  • Bites occur on exposed sites on the face, neck, arms and hands with several lesions in a row
  • Nocturnal feedings produce a linear arrangement of papular urticaria
  • Self-limiting disease, typically does not lead to an infectious disease
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11
Q

Bed bug treatment

A
  • Hydrocortisone cream or antihistamine
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12
Q

Houseflies parasite

A

Musca domesticus Linnaeus

- Main problem is esthetic, primarily a nuisance, but can be a disease carrier

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13
Q

Head lice parasite

A

Pediculus humanus capitus

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14
Q

Head lice diagnosis

A
  • Diagnose by discovery of live adult lice or nits with viable louse inside; most commonly at hairline of temple, post-auricular areas and occiput
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15
Q

Head lice treatment

A
  • Treat with malathion (Ovide) in children

- Lindane (Kwell), Nix, RID, or ivermectin, may require retreatment in 7-14 days

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16
Q

Body lice parasite

A

Pediculus humanus corporis

- Live in seams of clothing, venture to human host only to feed

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17
Q

Body lice treatment

A
  • “Cure” by improved hygiene
  • At times application of pyrethrin (medication which paralyzes and kills the lice and eggs) or malathion (kills lice and some eggs)may be warranted
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18
Q

Pubic lice parasite

A

Pediculus pubis (pubic lice, “crabs”)

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19
Q

Pubic lice transmission

A
  • Transmitted by close physical contact; sharing towels
20
Q

Pubic lice signs and symptoms

A
  • Pruritis most common symptom followed by excoriations and possible inguinal lymphadenopathy
21
Q

Pubic lice treatment

A
  • Treat with same regimen as for head lice; may require retreatment. Many patients closely crop off pubic hair to remove dead nits
22
Q

Scabies parasite

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

23
Q

Scabies pateint presentation

A
  • Very highly contagious parasitic infection, multiply only on human skin
  • Mites can remain alive for 2-3 days in clothing or in bedding
  • It can take up to 3 weeks for a person to become symptomatic once exposed
  • Areas affected in order of prevalence: interdigital webs of hands, wrists, shaft of penis, antecubital crease, feet, genitalia, buttocks, axillae
24
Q

Scabies diagnosis

A
  • Diagnose by finding a burrow, place a drop of mineral oil over the burrow, and the area is scraped/cut off with a #15 scalpel blade and inspected via microscopy
25
Q

Scabies treatment

A
  • Treat with permethrin

- Next choice is lindane (due to increased resistance, risk of seizures)

26
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans parasite

A

Ancyclostoma brazillense

27
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans general

A
  • Represents any cutaneous lesion from migration of nematode parasites
  • Most common in US –> Ancyclostoma braziliense (dog/cat hook worm larvae)
28
Q

Cutaenous larva migrans life cycle

A
  • Ova of hookworms are deposited in sand and soil in warm, shady areas, hatching into larvae that penetrate human skin
  • Larvae migrate up to several centimeters a day between the stratum germinativum and stratum corneum, larvae die days to months later
29
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans clinical presentation

A
  • Lesion is a serpiginous, raised, tunnel-like line of erythema (path of migration)
  • Self-limiting illness since humans are “dead-end” hosts
30
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans treatmetn

A
  • If treatment is desired, thiabendazole, ivermectin or albendazole topically
31
Q

Seabather’s eruption parasite

A

Larvae of thimble jellyfish, sea anemone

32
Q

Seabathers eruption clinical presentation

A
  • Papulo-vesicular rash occurring only in regions covered by swimwear
  • Florida and Caribbean  Due to larvae of the thimble jellyfish
  • Long Island, NY  Due to larvae of sea anemone
  • Lesions present for 1-2 weeks
33
Q

Seabather’s eruption treatmen

A
  • Topical steroid cream to reduce inflammation
34
Q

Leishmaniasis parasite

A

LeishmaniaI

  • Parasitic infection caused by many species of the protozoa Leishmania
  • 4 syndromes  Cutaneous, mucocutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, visceral
35
Q

Leishmaniasis clinical presentation

A
  • Primary lesions occur as a papule at the site of a sandfly bite
  • Papules enlarge over several weeks and become a dusky red-purple color
  • Eventually the lesion ulcerates, stops peripheral extension after 2 months, and eventually the nodule heals with a depressed scar after 3-6 months
36
Q

Leishmaniasis diagnosis

A
  • Diagnose by finding amastigotes (non-flagellate form) on smear or in skin biopsy or pro-mastigotes on culture of wound aspirate
37
Q

Leishmaniasis treatment

A
  • Treat with Pentostam (drug used for protozoal infections)

- Administration  Intra-lesion, IV, IM

38
Q

Lyme borrelliosis parasite

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi

39
Q

Lyme borrelliosis general

A
  • Multi-system disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected ixodid tick
  • Transmission usually occurs after prolonged attachment/feeding (18+ hrs.)
40
Q

Lyme borrelliosis disease stages

A

Stage 1 = Erythema migrans
o Expanding annular lesion w/ red border and partially clearing center
Stage 2 = Disseminated infection
o Fever, chills, myalgia, headache, weakness, photophobia, meningitis, carditis with heart block
Stage 3 = Persistent infection
o Fever, lymphadenopathy, arthritis, encephalopathy, polyneuropathy

41
Q

Lyme borrelliosis diagnosis

A
  • Diagnose by enzyme immunoassay or immunofluorescent assay followed by a Western immunoblot; or by culture from a lesional skin biopsy
42
Q

Lyme borrelliosis treatmetn

A
  • Treat with doxycycline 100 mg bid for 10 days in acute stage (if patient is under 12, treat with amoxicillin)
  • Treat for 20-30 days if stage 2
  • Treat for up to 60 days if stage 3
43
Q

Lyme borrelliosis immunizations

A
  • Immunization for prophylaxis was available with LYMErix

- Was taken off market due to lack of use

44
Q

Bot fly transmision

A
  • Transmission is through the laying of eggs on the human host or an intermediary vector (fly, mosquito, etc.)
45
Q

Bot fly symptoms

A
  • Firm nodule, typically is painful

- May exude purulence and can experience movement in the tissue.

a;lskdjf (11 decks)

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