5. Nutrition

Question 1

foods that improve cholesterol when added to diet

Answer 1

• brazil nut
• almonds
• cashews
• pistachios
• legumes
• soy

Question 2

Portfolio diet

Answer 2

• low sat fat
• high in plant sterols
• high viscous fibre foods eg oatmeal, soybean, okra, eggplant, almonds

Question 3

Seven heart health goals

Answer 3

1. not smoking
2. healthy diet
3. physically active
4. healthy BMI
5. normal BP
6. fGlu below 100 (5.5)
7. Tchol below 200 (5.2)

Question 4

USPSTF recommendations for nutrition and physical activity and Grade for

1. people with no chronic disease and no risk factors
2. people overweight with chronic disease risk factors

Answer 4

1. counselling for nutrition and physical activity - based on readiness for change.
   Grade C rec = offered in selective manner to pts based on professional Ax and pt pref
2. intensive behavioural health nutrition and phsical activity counselling for overweight pp with chronic disease RF
   Grade B rec = provide service as there is a high certainty the benefit will be moderate to substantial.

Question 5

AGEs related to which conditions?

Source of AGEs

Answer 5

• DM1 and DM2
• atherosclerosis
• kidney disease
• slow wound healing

source
- tobacco products
- consumed foods
(small amt produced in body daily, mainly from above)

Question 6

Where in the body do AGEs accumulate?

Answer 6

• protein lens of human eye

- skin collagen

Question 7

What problems to AGEs cause

Answer 7

• cell damage, especially in longer life cells eg
• nerves & brain cells
• collagen proteins in kidney
• blood vessels
• eye cells

Question 8

5 factors for low risk of incident DM
(which study?)
what % of DM2 attributable to exception to these 5 factors?
p153

Answer 8

• diet high in cereal fibre, PUfat, low in trans fat and low glycaemic load
• mod-vig exercise at least 30 min/d
• BMI<25
• nonsmoking
• Alcohol less than 0.5/d on average

Nurses Health Study 16 year follow up
almost 85k females

91% of DM2 attributable to exceptions of these 5 factors.