#5: Mutations

Question 1

Mutation

Answer 1

permanent change in DNA sequence

1. Heredity
2. Acquired (through life)

Question 2

Substitution Mutations

Answer 2

one nucleotide replaces another nucleotide

Question 3

1. Silent Mutation (Sub)

Answer 3

no change in amino acid coded for

Question 4

2. Missense Mutation (Sub)

Answer 4

a change in the amino acid coded for

Question 5

3. Nonsense Mutation (Sub)

Answer 5

substitution results in a stop codon

Question 6

Substitution Diseases

Answer 6

Sickle cell anemia (Beta-hemoglobin protein – 147 amino acids)

GAG codon mutated to GUG (valine rather than glutamic acid)

Question 7

Frameshift Mutations

Answer 7

changes the entire reading frame of mRNA

Question 8

Deletion (Frameshift)

Answer 8

removal of nucleotide(s)

Question 9

Insertion (Frameshift)

Answer 9

addition of nucleotide(s)

Question 10

Frameshift Diseases

Answer 10

Chrohn’s

Insertion of C, with NOD2 gene, at position 3020 results in a premature stop

Question 11

Causes of Acquired Mutations

Answer 11

mutations may be spontaneous through errors in DNA replication or they may be induced through environmental influences

induced mutations may be caused by such factors as: ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, chemicals

Question 12

Inversion Mutation

Answer 12

2 adjacent bases trade places

Question 13

Translocation Mutation

Answer 13

Movement of entire genes/ sequences of DNA chromosomes to another

Question 14

Mutagen

Answer 14

Environmental agent that directly alters DNA within cell