5. Large Biological Molecules

Question 1

All living things are made up of 4 classes of large biological molecules:

Answer 1

carbohydrates,

lipids,

proteins,

and nucleic acids

Question 2

What are macromolecules?

Answer 2

Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms

Question 3

What is a Polymer?

What is a monomer?

Answer 3

A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.

The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer are smaller molecules called monomers.

Question 4

What is a Dehydration Reaction

Answer 4

A reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other with the loss of a water molecule

Question 5

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 5

• Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis, a process that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction.
• Hydrolisis means water breakage.
• The bond between monomers is broken by the addition of a water molecule, with a hydrogen from water attaching to one monomer and the hydroxyl group attaching to the other.
• good example of hydrolisis is digestion.

Answer 6

Question 7

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 7

Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 8

Enzymes

Answer 8

• Enzymes are required for biological reactions
• Enzymes are proteins.
• Enzymes are biological catalysts
• Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions such as:
  
  • Dehydration Reaction
  • Hydrolysis
  • Functional group transfer
  • Electron transfer
  • Rearrangement

Question 9

What are the Molecules of Life?

Answer 9