5: Intestinal failure Flashcards
What is intestinal failure?
Failure of ability to absorb food via the intestines
What is acute short-term intestinal failure?
Intestinal failure lasting 2 weeks
After which procedure may a patient develop acute short term intestinal failure?
Chemotherapy
kills cells within the intestine short term
Intestinal failure can be acute or ___.
chronic
What is the first thing that should be done in someone with Type I intestinal failure?
Replace fluids
Before properly feeding someone with intestinal failure, fluids should be replaced.
What happens in starved / malnourished people who are fed profusely?
Refeeding syndrome
arrythmia, cardiac failure and death due to lack of minerals
How is a patient fed if they can’t tolerate enteral food/fluids after an operation?
Parenteral nutrition (intravenously)
What drugs are used to inhibit acid secretion in intestinal failure patients?
Proton pump inhibitors (e.g omeprazole)
Parenteral nutrition is delivered by obtaining (venous / arterial) access.
venous
What are some immediate complications of feeding a patient parentally, by venous lines or catheters in the subclavian or internal jugular veins?
Pneumothorax
Arterial puncture –> profuse bleeding
Misplacement
Which infection, associated with the heart, can occur as a complication of venous access lines during parenteral feeding?
Endocarditis
Which liver disease can occur as a result of venous access during parenteral feeding?
Hepatitis
Which type of intestinal failure is associated with short-term post-op patients?
Type I
Which type of intestinal failure is associated with prolonged surgery complications, sepsis and ischaemia?
Type II
Which disease is associated with Type 2 intestinal failure?
Crohn’s disease
What are the three main causes of Type 2 intestinal failure?
Surgical complications
Crohn’s disease
Vascular ischaemia
Which syndrome is associated with chronic Type 3 intestinal failure?
Short bowel syndrome
Which procedure can be done to treat Type 3 intestinal failure caused by short bowel syndrome?
Bowel lengthening
What is the normal range of lengths for the small bowel (intestine)?
250 - 850cm
What is the diagnostic criteria for short bowel syndrome?
HHaving < 200cm of functioning small bowel
How are short bowel syndrome patients fed?
Home parenteral nutrition
What procedure would need to be carried out on someone with Type 3 intestinal failure if their venous access was lost?
Small bowel transplant
What is an ileostomy?
Diversion of the ileum outside the body via a bag (stoma)
