5)Infection

Question 1

Explain the methods of transmission of infectious diseases

Answer 1

Direct contact
In direct contact
Airborne droplet
Air borne dust particles containing virus/ bacteria

Question 2

Define infection

Answer 2

Infection is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally present in the body. This results in inflammation and tissue damage.

Question 3

Name the main groups into which bacteria are classified, giving the full name of one example of each.

Answer 3

Gram positive rod
Gram negative rod
Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci

Question 4

State the main structural features of a virus and explain briefly why it is not considered to be a ‘living thing’

Answer 4

Main features: Genetic material which can be DNA or RNA, has a protein coat and may also have a lipid envelope. It cannot reproduce without a host cell therefore is not considered living.

Question 5

State the main structural features of a bacteria and explain why it is considered to be a living thing.

Answer 5

Main features: is classified as a cell/ prokaryotic cell. Has a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes; may also have plasmid and flagellum. Considered living as can reproduce independently.

Question 6

State one disease caused by a virus (also state the name of the virus) and one disease caused by a bacteria (also state the name of the bacteria). For each disease, suggest one possible treatment strategy.

Answer 6

AIDS- caused by HIV virus - treatment for virus is anti viral
tetanus- clostridium tetani - treatment for bacteria is antibiotics

Question 7

Define sepsis and state the main signs and symptoms that would be observed in a patient

Answer 7

Sepsis is the widespread and abnormal inflammation in the body that leads to organ dysfunction. Due to bacterial infection but also can be viral.
Signs and symptoms: Fever, increased heart rate.

Question 8

State two important infection control measures and briefly explain how each of these is maintained in a clinical care setting to prevent transmission of infection.

Answer 8

Hand hygiene: Alcohol gels/ rubs, soap and water with thorough drying.
PPE: Gloves & eye protection.