5 - Homeostasis and Response

Question 1

How does the nervous system communicate with parts of the body?

Answer 1

Electrical impulses along neurones

Question 2

What are the two communication systems in the body?

Answer 2

The nervous system and the endocrine system

Question 3

How does the endocrine system communicate with parts of the body?

Answer 3

Hormones (chemical messages) via the blood

Question 4

What are the two parts that make up the nervous system?

Answer 4

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 5

What is a stimulus?

Answer 5

A change in the environment which causes a response in the body

Question 6

How many organs can detect stimuli?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

What stimuli can ears detect?

Answer 7

Sound and balance

Question 8

What stimuli can eyes detect?

Answer 8

Light

Question 9

What stimuli can skin detect?

Answer 9

Temperature and pressure (pain)

Question 10

What stimuli can the nose detect?

Answer 10

Chemicals

Question 11

What stimuli can the tongue detect?

Answer 11

Chemicals

Question 12

Receptors for sound and balance?

Answer 12

Cochlea

Question 13

Receptors for light?

Answer 13

Rods and cones on retina

Question 14

Receptors for temperature and pressure?

Answer 14

Mainly nerve endings on the skin

Question 15

Receptors in the nose?

Answer 15

Olfactory receptors

Question 16

Receptors on the tongue?

Answer 16

Found on taste buds

Question 17

What is a sense organ?

Answer 17

Organ made up of a cluster of receptor cells, which are sensitive to specific stimuli

Question 18

Describe the pathway of an electrical impulse in the nervous system

Answer 18

Stimulus - receptor- sensory neurone - coordinator (CNS) - motor neurone - effector - response

Question 19

What are sensory neurones?

Answer 19

Cells that carry impulses from sense organs to CNS

Question 20

What are motor neurones?

Answer 20

Cells that carry impulses to make effector organs respond

Question 21

What is an effector?

Answer 21

A muscle or gland - muscles respond to arrival impulses by contracting

Question 22

How do muscles respond to arrival impulses?

Answer 22

By contracting

Question 23

What is the cerebral cortex concerned with?

Answer 23

Consciousness, intelligence, memory and language

Question 24

What is the cerebellum concerned with?

Answer 24

Mainly coordinating muscular activity and balance

Question 25

What is the medulla concerned with?

Answer 25

Unconscious activities e.g. Controlling heartbeat, breathing

Question 26

What is the hypothalamus concerned with?

Answer 26

Controlling body temperature

Question 27

What is the pituitary gland concerned with?

Answer 27

Produces many different hormones which play a big part in coordinating and controlling body systems

Question 28

How can matching changes in behaviour with the damaged part of the brain help scientists?

Answer 28

They can map the function of some parts of the brain

Question 29

How can electrical stimulation of the brain help scientists?

Answer 29

They cans stimulate parts of the brain and see what effects it has e.g. hunger, fear

Question 30

How can MRI scans of brains help scientists?

Answer 30

So they can understand development. Can link a loss of a certain function with damage to a particular region of the brain

Question 31

How do scientists map brain regions?

Answer 31

By studying patients with brain damage, electrically stimulating areas of the brain and using MRI scans

Question 32

What are potential problems when treating brain complications?

Answer 32

Processes involve neurones and chemicals released in synapses which can easily be damaged

Drugs do not always reach brain

Surgery is difficult as its not fully understood what part of brain does what

Question 33

What are reflexes for?

Answer 33

To protect the body from harm or control basic body functions

Question 34

What extra neurone is used in reflex actions?

Answer 34

Relay neurone

Question 35

How does caffeine affect reaction time?

Answer 35

It decreases reaction time

Question 36

What happens when an electrical impulse arrives at the synaptic knob?

Answer 36

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters migrate to the nerve cell membrane

Question 37

Where do vesicles release neurotransmitters?

Answer 37

Into the synaptic gap where they diffuse across to the next neurone and attach to their receptor sites

Question 38

Where may synapses occur?

Answer 38

Between sensory and relay neurones, and between relay and motor neurones

Question 39

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 39

Chemicals that diffuse between neurones and attach to receptor sites

Question 40

What is the eye?

Answer 40

A sense organ containing many receptors that are sensitive to light intensity and colour

Question 41

How are light sensitive cells arranged in the eye?

Answer 41

How are light sensitive cells arranged in the eye?