5 Homeostasis and responce - Seperate

Question 1

Name the region in the brain that involves consciousness, intelligence, memory and language.

Answer 1

Cerebral cortex

Question 2

Name the region in the brain that coordinates muscular activity and balance.

Answer 2

Cerebellum

Question 3

Name the region in the brain that coordinates automatic, unconscious activities.

Answer 3

Medulla (oblongata)

Question 4

Name a method scientists used to find out the functions of each part of the brain.

Answer 4

Studying brain damage patients/Electrically stimulating different parts of brain/MRI scans

Question 5

State the function of the sclera.

Answer 5

White outer layer to protect the eyeball

Question 6

State the function of the cornea.

Answer 6

Allows light into the eye; Refract/focus light

Question 7

How is the size of the pupil controlled?

Answer 7

Muscular contraction and relaxation of the iris

Question 8

State the function of the lens.

Answer 8

Refracts light to focus the image onto the retina

Question 9

Name the two components that change the shape of the lens.

Answer 9

Suspensory ligaments + Ciliary muscles

Question 10

Name the component that carries impulses from the retina to the brain.

Answer 10

Optic nerve

Question 11

Describe the state of the ciliary muscles and the lens as the eye focuses on a distant object.

Answer 11

Ciliary muscles relax, Lens becomes thinner

Question 12

Name the condition in which people can see close objects clearly but distant objects look blurred.

Answer 12

Myopia/Short sightedness

Question 13

Name the condition in which people can see distant objects clearly but close objects are blurred.

Answer 13

Hyperopia

Question 14

Give two possible reasons for myopia.

Answer 14

Lens too curved; Long eyeball

Question 15

Describe the state of the lens if more refraction is to happen.

Answer 15

More convex/rounded

Question 16

Name a treatment for myopia or hyperopia.

Answer 16

Contact lenses/Laser eye surgery/Replacement lenses

Question 17

Define ‘phototropism’.

Answer 17

The response of a plant to light

Question 18

Define ‘gravitropism/geotropism’.

Answer 18

The response of a plant to gravity

Question 19

What are auxins?

Answer 19

A plant hormone that controls photo- and geotropism

Question 20

How do auxins respond to one-sided light on a young shoot?

Answer 20

Auxins move to the unlit side (causing quicker growth, hence the shoot bends towards the light)

Question 21

How do auxins respond to a young root placed sideways?

Answer 21

Auxins move to the lower side of the root

Question 22

What is the effect of a high level of auxin on shoot growth?

Answer 22

Auxins promote shoot growth

Question 23

What is the effect of a high level of auxin on root growth?

Answer 23

Auxins inhibit root growth

Question 24

Name one use of auxins in agriculture and horticulture.

Answer 24

Weed killers/Rooting powders/Tissue culture

Question 25

Name one use of ethene in agriculture.

Answer 25

Control fruit ripening

Question 26

Name one use of gibberellins in agriculture.

Answer 26

Increase fruit size/Stimulate germination/Promote flowering

Question 27

Name the part in the brain that controls your core body temperature.

Answer 27

Thermoregulatory centre in hypothalmus

Question 28

Name the action where surface skin capillaries dilate to allow more blood flow to the surface.

Answer 28

Vasodilation

Question 29

State one response of the body to high body temperature.

Answer 29

Sweating/Vasodilation/Hair lies flat

Question 30

State one response of the body to low body temperature.

Answer 30

Vasoconstriction/Less sweating/Shivering

Question 31

Briefly explain how shivering helps increase our body temperatre.

Answer 31

Contractions requires energy from respiration (exothermic)

Question 32

Name the two main poisonous waste products in our body.

Answer 32

Carbon dioxide + Urea

Question 33

How does high carbon dioxide level affect the body?

Answer 33

Dissolved CO2 makes acidic solution --> denature enzymes

Question 34

How is carbon dioxide removed from the cells and out of the body?

Answer 34

Transported to alveoli --> exhaled into environment

Question 35

How is urea produced?

Answer 35

Breakdown of excess amino acids

Question 36

Name the organ that removes urea from the body.

Answer 36

Kidney

Question 37

Name the process which removes the amine group from the amino acids.

Answer 37

Deamination

Question 38

Name the product formed from deamination of excess amino acids, before it is converted into urea.

Answer 38

Ammonia

Question 39

Name the organ that breaks down excess amino acids.

Answer 39

Liver

Question 40

Name the organ that controls water and mineral ion content of the blood.

Answer 40

Kidney

Question 41

Namefour substances that are filtered out of the blood into the kidney.

Answer 41

Glucose, mineral ions, urea, water

Question 42

Why can't blood cells and proteins leave the blood to enter the kidney?

Answer 42

Too big to pass through vessel wall

Question 43

How is glucose reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney?

Answer 43

Diffusion + Active transport

Question 44

What is 'selective reabsorption'?

Answer 44

The process in which the kidney reabsorbs certain useful substances back into the kidney

Question 45

Name the hormone that regulates the amount of water reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney.

Answer 45

ADH

Question 46

Name the organ that secretes ADH.

Answer 46

Pituitary gland

Question 47

If there is an increase in ADH release, does the amount of water reabsorbed increase or decrease?

Answer 47

Increase

Question 48

Briefly describe the volume and concentration of urine produced if there is little ADH release.

Answer 48

High volume, low concentration

Question 49

Name two treatments of kidney failure.

Answer 49

Dialysis, kidney transplant

Question 50

What is 'dialysis'?

Answer 50

A process where the machine acts as an artificial kidney - it filters the blood and restores normal urea/water/ion levels

Question 51

Which component of the dialysis machine that we rely on to prevent the loss of useful substances from the blood?

Answer 51

Dialysis fluid

Question 52

What should be the concentration of glucose and mineral ions of the dialysis fluid be like, in comparison to the blood of a healthy person?

Answer 52

Same as a healthy person's blood

Question 53

What is the concentration of urea in the dialysis fluid?

Answer 53

Zero/None

Question 54

State one disadvantage of dialysis.

Answer 54

Carefully controlled diet/Long periods of time connected to machine (poor quality of life/immobile during dialysis/Inconvenient)

Question 55

State a problem in kidney transplant.

Answer 55

Rejection/Lack of donor kidney

Question 56

State a component on a donor kidney that causes rejection problems.

Answer 56

Foreign antigen on donor kidney

Question 57

Name the component of the patient's body that may attack the donor kidney.

Answer 57

Antibodies

Question 58

State a method that reduces the risk of rejection.

Answer 58

Use close relative's kidney for similar antigens/Immunosuppresant drugs

Question 59

Name the type of drugs that is prescribed to a patient with a new organ.

Answer 59

Immunosuppresant drugs

Question 60

State a disadvantage of taking immunosuppresant drugs.

Answer 60

Weakened immune system means harder to defend self against diseases effectively