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11BT Biology Paper 2 Separate > 5 Homeostasis and responce - Seperate > Flashcards

5 Homeostasis and responce - Seperate Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the region in the brain that involves consciousness, intelligence, memory and language.

A

Cerebral cortex

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2
Q

Name the region in the brain that coordinates muscular activity and balance.

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

Name the region in the brain that coordinates automatic, unconscious activities.

A

Medulla (oblongata)

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4
Q

Name a method scientists used to find out the functions of each part of the brain.

A

Studying brain damage patients/Electrically stimulating different parts of brain/MRI scans

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5
Q

State the function of the sclera.

A

White outer layer to protect the eyeball

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6
Q

State the function of the cornea.

A

Allows light into the eye; Refract/focus light

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7
Q

How is the size of the pupil controlled?

A

Muscular contraction and relaxation of the iris

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8
Q

State the function of the lens.

A

Refracts light to focus the image onto the retina

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9
Q

Name the two components that change the shape of the lens.

A

Suspensory ligaments + Ciliary muscles

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10
Q

Name the component that carries impulses from the retina to the brain.

A

Optic nerve

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11
Q

Describe the state of the ciliary muscles and the lens as the eye focuses on a distant object.

A

Ciliary muscles relax, Lens becomes thinner

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12
Q

Name the condition in which people can see close objects clearly but distant objects look blurred.

A

Myopia/Short sightedness

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13
Q

Name the condition in which people can see distant objects clearly but close objects are blurred.

A

Hyperopia

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14
Q

Give two possible reasons for myopia.

A

Lens too curved; Long eyeball

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15
Q

Describe the state of the lens if more refraction is to happen.

A

More convex/rounded

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16
Q

Name a treatment for myopia or hyperopia.

A

Contact lenses/Laser eye surgery/Replacement lenses

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17
Q

Define ‘phototropism’.

A

The response of a plant to light

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18
Q

Define ‘gravitropism/geotropism’.

A

The response of a plant to gravity

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19
Q

What are auxins?

A

A plant hormone that controls photo- and geotropism

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20
Q

How do auxins respond to one-sided light on a young shoot?

A

Auxins move to the unlit side (causing quicker growth, hence the shoot bends towards the light)

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21
Q

How do auxins respond to a young root placed sideways?

A

Auxins move to the lower side of the root

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22
Q

What is the effect of a high level of auxin on shoot growth?

A

Auxins promote shoot growth

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23
Q

What is the effect of a high level of auxin on root growth?

A

Auxins inhibit root growth

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24
Q

Name one use of auxins in agriculture and horticulture.

A

Weed killers/Rooting powders/Tissue culture

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25
Q

Name one use of ethene in agriculture.

A

Control fruit ripening

26
Q

Name one use of gibberellins in agriculture.

A

Increase fruit size/Stimulate germination/Promote flowering

27
Q

Name the part in the brain that controls your core body temperature.

A

Thermoregulatory centre in hypothalmus

28
Q

Name the action where surface skin capillaries dilate to allow more blood flow to the surface.

A

Vasodilation

29
Q

State one response of the body to high body temperature.

A

Sweating/Vasodilation/Hair lies flat

30
Q

State one response of the body to low body temperature.

A

Vasoconstriction/Less sweating/Shivering

31
Q

Briefly explain how shivering helps increase our body temperatre.

A

Contractions requires energy from respiration (exothermic)

32
Q

Name the two main poisonous waste products in our body.

A

Carbon dioxide + Urea

33
Q

How does high carbon dioxide level affect the body?

A

Dissolved CO2 makes acidic solution –> denature enzymes

34
Q

How is carbon dioxide removed from the cells and out of the body?

A

Transported to alveoli –> exhaled into environment

35
Q

How is urea produced?

A

Breakdown of excess amino acids

36
Q

Name the organ that removes urea from the body.

A

Kidney

37
Q

Name the process which removes the amine group from the amino acids.

A

Deamination

38
Q

Name the product formed from deamination of excess amino acids, before it is converted into urea.

A

Ammonia

39
Q

Name the organ that breaks down excess amino acids.

A

Liver

40
Q

Name the organ that controls water and mineral ion content of the blood.

A

Kidney

41
Q

Namefour substances that are filtered out of the blood into the kidney.

A

Glucose, mineral ions, urea, water

42
Q

Why can’t blood cells and proteins leave the blood to enter the kidney?

A

Too big to pass through vessel wall

43
Q

How is glucose reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney?

A

Diffusion + Active transport

44
Q

What is ‘selective reabsorption’?

A

The process in which the kidney reabsorbs certain useful substances back into the kidney

45
Q

Name the hormone that regulates the amount of water reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney.

A

ADH

46
Q

Name the organ that secretes ADH.

A

Pituitary gland

47
Q

If there is an increase in ADH release, does the amount of water reabsorbed increase or decrease?

A

Increase

48
Q

Briefly describe the volume and concentration of urine produced if there is little ADH release.

A

High volume, low concentration

49
Q

Name two treatments of kidney failure.

A

Dialysis, kidney transplant

50
Q

What is ‘dialysis’?

A

A process where the machine acts as an artificial kidney - it filters the blood and restores normal urea/water/ion levels

51
Q

Which component of the dialysis machine that we rely on to prevent the loss of useful substances from the blood?

A

Dialysis fluid

52
Q

What should be the concentration of glucose and mineral ions of the dialysis fluid be like, in comparison to the blood of a healthy person?

A

Same as a healthy person’s blood

53
Q

What is the concentration of urea in the dialysis fluid?

A

Zero/None

54
Q

State one disadvantage of dialysis.

A

Carefully controlled diet/Long periods of time connected to machine (poor quality of life/immobile during dialysis/Inconvenient)

55
Q

State a problem in kidney transplant.

A

Rejection/Lack of donor kidney

56
Q

State a component on a donor kidney that causes rejection problems.

A

Foreign antigen on donor kidney

57
Q

Name the component of the patient’s body that may attack the donor kidney.

A

Antibodies

58
Q

State a method that reduces the risk of rejection.

A

Use close relative’s kidney for similar antigens/Immunosuppresant drugs

59
Q

Name the type of drugs that is prescribed to a patient with a new organ.

A

Immunosuppresant drugs

60
Q

State a disadvantage of taking immunosuppresant drugs.

A

Weakened immune system means harder to defend self against diseases effectively

11BT Biology Paper 2 Separate (11 decks)

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