5 Homeostasis and responce - Endocrine System Flashcards
How does the endocrine system bring about a change in our internal environment?
Glands release hormones into bloodstream, which then travel to the target organ to produce an effect
What are hormones?
Chemical Messenger Protein which has an effect on a target organ
Name the ‘master gland’ that secretes a variety of hormones.
Pituitary gland
Name the hormone that affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney.
ADH
State one difference between the effects of hormones compared to the nervous system.
Hormonal effects are slower/last longer
Name the hormone that decreases blood glucose level.
Insulin
Name the hormone that increases blood glucose level.
Glucagon
Name the organ the produces hormones to control blood glucose level.
Pancreas
State an effect of insulin.
Increase glucose uptake by cells/More respiration/Convert glucose to glycogen to store in liver and muscles/Convert glucose to fat for storage
State an effect of glucagon.
Convert glycogen to glucose/Make glucose from amino acids or fat
What is glycogen?
Complex/Storage carbohydrate made up of glucose in liver and muscles
What is type 1 diabetes?
Condition where pancreas does not make enough/any insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
Condition where body cells stop responding to insulin properly
Name one symptom of diabetes.
Excess urine/Feeling thirsty/Lack energy/Lose weight/Fatigue
Name a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Lack of exercise/Sugary diet/Obesity
Name a treatment for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes.
Insulin injection
Name a method to cure type 1 diabetes.
Pancreas or pancreatic cell transplant
Name one treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Carbohydrate-controlled diet/Lose weight/Regular exercise
Which organ produces thyroxine?
Thyroid gland
What is the effect of thyroxine?
Controls metabolic rate
Name the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that controls the production of thyroxine?
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
State one effect of adrenaline.
Increase heart rate/breathing rate/Increase glycogen conversion to glucose/Pupils dilate/Increase mental awareness/More blood flow to muscles
Name the organ that secretes adrenaline.
Adrenal gland
The level of adrenaline is controlled by a negative feedback system. True or false?
FALSE
Under what sort of situation would adrenaline be released?
In reaction to fear or stress
Name the main female reproductive hormone.
Oestrogen
Name the process where a matured egg is released from the ovaries.
Ovulation
Name the hormone that causes egg maturation in the ovaries.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
Name the hormone that stimulates ovulation.
LH (luteinising hormone)
Name the hormone that stimulates the build-up of the uterus lining.
Oestrogen
Name the hormone that maintains the uterus lining.
Progesterone
Name the main male reproductive hormone.
Testosterone
Which organ produces testosterone?
Testes
State the average length of the menstrual cycle.
28 days
Which two female hormones does the pituitary gland secretes during the menstrual cycle?
FSH and LH
Which two female hormones does the ovaries release during the menstrual cycle?
Oestrogen and progesterone
Which hormone stimulates the release of oestrogen?
FSH
Which hormone inhibits the release of FSH?
Oestrogen
Which hormone stimulates the release of LH?
Oestrogen
Which hormone inhibits the release of both FSH and LH?
Progesterone
Which hormone(s) are used as contraceptive pills?
Oestrogen and progesterone
Name a chemical method of contraception.
Spermicides
Name a barrier method of contraception.
Condom/Diaphragm
Which two hormones are issued as fertility drug in IVF treatments?
FSH and LH
Where does fertilisation occur in IVF treatment?
In a Petri dish
