5 - GU benign radiology Flashcards
kidney size difference
L>R
kidney height diff
L>R
blood vessel order in kidney, peripheral to central
interlobular, arcuate (along peripheral pyramid), interlobar, segmental, ventral/dorsal, renal artery
adrenal size infant vs adult
larger ininfants (adrenal stays same size).
adrenal hyperplasia shape
keeps same shape, just thicker
what does adrenal look like if kidney’s absent
looks discoid, not y-shape
ct contrast timing
60-70 sec arterialphase with good cortical enhancement. 90-120 sec Nephrographic phase (homogenious kidney enhancement), starts at 3 mins excretory phase.
multicystic dysplastic kidney due to?
arterial occlusion during development (theory)
horseshoe kidney frequency
most comm fused excopia - 1/600
column of bertin
abnormal protrusionof renal tissue into renal sinus fat. Looks like tumor. Actually septum of tissue. Commonly bilateral. Pict on pg 222
% kidneys with miltiple renal arteries
30%
2 major renal vein abnormalities
retroarotic and circumaortic
nutcracker syndrome vessel features
renal vein - beak like point under SMA
most common reason for renal vascular HTN
artherosclerosis
ostial stenosis and transplant
can resect stenotic ostia and transplant
2nd most common cause of renal vasc HTN
fibromuscular dysplasia, spec medial fibroplasia
medial fiborplasia looks like what on imaging
beading along mid-distal artery and branches.
where do renal artery aneurysms arise
branch points
who gets renal artery aneurysm repaired
> 2 cm or planning to get pregnant
AAST grading system 1-5
1- hematuria with neg imaging or subcapsular hematoma. 2 - < 1 cm lac. 3 - > 1 cm lac. 4 - deep lac into collecting system or renal A or V injury, 5. shattered kidney or hilar avulsion
radiolucent stones - 4
struvite, matrix, urate, xanthine
what does radiolucent actually mean
cant be seen on plain film, almost all stones can be seen on CT (except indinovir but not used now)
stones and transplant
multiple stones = no donation. Single stone > 5 mm
how to tell if UVJ stone has passed
place patient prone and do ct
medullary nephrocalcinosis assd/ with what synromes - 3
hyperPTH, medullary sponge kidney, milk alkali syndrome
RTA type 1 involves what part of kidney
distal tubule
image of acute cortical necrosis
p 236
lupus nephritis imaging findings - 4
bilat, swollen, poorly concentrating, poorly enhancing
ddx for striated nephrogram on ct
lymphoma, pyelo, renal vein thrombosis, vasculitis
myer weigert rule
upper pole obstruction, lower pole reflux
