5. Greenhouse Gases Sources and concentration Flashcards
Which area the important Greenhouse Gases
- Carbon Dioxide
- Methane
- Nitrous Oxide
-chlorofluorocarbons
-nitrous Oxide - Tropospheric Ozone
-water vapor
What percent is the annual carbon dioxide emissions
96% natural
4% athropogenic
Percents of carbon dioxide emissions from humans
80% fossil fuels
8% cement making
12% land use
What is the Annual Methane Emissions percentages?
51% natural 49% anthropogenic
In detail seperation of the Natural Methane Emissions
0.3% permafrost
1% wildfires
2% clathrates
3% termites
4% Ruminants
12% freshwater
16% Natural seeps
63% wetlands
Annual Human Methane Emissions
11% Biomass
11% Rice Fields
23% landfill and Waste
29% fossil fuels
27% livestock
What/who produces Annual CFC and related gas emissions
100% Anthropogenic
What has been the Impact of the Montreal Protocol>
It has reduced a lot. The reduction of ozone depleting substances is ongoing.
Global Atmospheric Concentrations of ODS
CFC-12
CFC-11
CH3CCI3
CCI 4
Alternatives too ODs can act as GHG.
look
Annual nitrous Oxide Emissions percentages
58% natural
42% anthropogenic
Annual natural Nitrous Oxide Emissions. Percentages
3% freshwater
4% lightening
35% oceans
58% natural Soils
Annual Human Nitrous Oxide Emissions.. Percentages
4% waste
9% Biomass Burning
14% Fossil Fuels
74% Agriculture
Human Vs Natural
Explain with powerpoint
The important Greenhouse Gases (6)
- Carbon Dioxide
- Methane
- Nitrous Oxide
-chlorofluorocarbons
-nitrous Oxide - Tropospheric Ozone
-water vapor
10% of ozone is in what part of our atmosphere?
Troposphere
“Indirect” Greenhouse Gases
Gases that have no direct emissions sources, BUT concentrations of which are affected by the presence of other compounds of GHGs.
Tropospheric Ozone forms as a result of the interaction of the following: (7)
sunglight,nitrogen,oxygen,carbon, monoxide,nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds in the lower atmosphere.
Why is the production of Ozone limited?
by the availability of nitrogen oxides
Why are we not directly measuring global concentrations of tropospheric ozone?
Tropospheric ozone has very localized sources and limited diffusion (because it is destroyed within hours to days)
the results in localized (both horizontally and vertically) concentrations and warming.
What Is the average of ozone in the tropospheric ozone?
This can’t be done because it produces and it dies and again and again.
How humans increase water vapor content of the atmosphere
addition of greenhouse gases –> Increase in atmospheric heat content –> increased evaporation –> increased atmospheric water vapor
What are the global Emission Rates?
of Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, H&C - fluorocarbons
CO2: 41.5 billion tons/yr
CH4: 116.0 million tongs/yr
N2O: 9.4 million tons/yr
CFC: 38,000 tons/yr
What are their concentrations in the atmosphere?
of Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, H&C - fluorocarbons
CO2: 413 ppm
CH4: 1.892 ppm
N2O: 0.333 ppm
CFC: 0.0003 ppm
Lifetime in the Atmosphere ofof Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, H&C - fluorocarbons
CO2: 121 years
CH4: 10 s-1000s of years
N2O: 13 years
CFC: 12 years
What does the rate of removal of CO2 varied on?
By sink complicating atmospheric lifetimes of gas.
What percentages stay of CO2 in 30 years, 100 years and 1000 years
30 years: 50%
100 years: 30%
1000 years: 20%
Radiative Efficiency of
CFC, N2O,Methane, CO2
CFC: 0.19
N2O:0.003
Methane:0.00036
CO2: 0.000014
