5. Greenhouse Gases Sources and concentration

Question 1

Which area the important Greenhouse Gases

Answer 1

• Carbon Dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous Oxide
  -chlorofluorocarbons
  -nitrous Oxide
• Tropospheric Ozone
  -water vapor

Question 2

What percent is the annual carbon dioxide emissions

Answer 2

96% natural
4% athropogenic

Question 3

Percents of carbon dioxide emissions from humans

Answer 3

80% fossil fuels
8% cement making
12% land use

Question 4

What is the Annual Methane Emissions percentages?

Answer 4

51% natural 49% anthropogenic

Question 5

In detail seperation of the Natural Methane Emissions

Answer 5

0.3% permafrost
1% wildfires
2% clathrates
3% termites
4% Ruminants
12% freshwater
16% Natural seeps
63% wetlands

Question 6

Annual Human Methane Emissions

Answer 6

11% Biomass
11% Rice Fields
23% landfill and Waste
29% fossil fuels
27% livestock

Question 7

What/who produces Annual CFC and related gas emissions

Answer 7

100% Anthropogenic

Question 8

What has been the Impact of the Montreal Protocol>

Answer 8

It has reduced a lot. The reduction of ozone depleting substances is ongoing.

Question 9

Global Atmospheric Concentrations of ODS

Answer 9

CFC-12
CFC-11
CH3CCI3
CCI 4

Question 10

Alternatives too ODs can act as GHG.

Answer 10

look

Question 11

Annual nitrous Oxide Emissions percentages

Answer 11

58% natural
42% anthropogenic

Question 12

Annual natural Nitrous Oxide Emissions. Percentages

Answer 12

3% freshwater
4% lightening
35% oceans
58% natural Soils

Question 13

Annual Human Nitrous Oxide Emissions.. Percentages

Answer 13

4% waste
9% Biomass Burning
14% Fossil Fuels
74% Agriculture

Question 14

Human Vs Natural

Answer 14

Explain with powerpoint

Question 15

The important Greenhouse Gases (6)

Answer 15

• Carbon Dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous Oxide
  -chlorofluorocarbons
  -nitrous Oxide
• Tropospheric Ozone
  -water vapor

Question 16

10% of ozone is in what part of our atmosphere?

Answer 16

Troposphere

Question 17

“Indirect” Greenhouse Gases

Answer 17

Gases that have no direct emissions sources, BUT concentrations of which are affected by the presence of other compounds of GHGs.

Question 18

Tropospheric Ozone forms as a result of the interaction of the following: (7)

Answer 18

sunglight,nitrogen,oxygen,carbon, monoxide,nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds in the lower atmosphere.

Question 19

Why is the production of Ozone limited?

Answer 19

by the availability of nitrogen oxides

Question 20

Why are we not directly measuring global concentrations of tropospheric ozone?

Answer 20

Tropospheric ozone has very localized sources and limited diffusion (because it is destroyed within hours to days)

the results in localized (both horizontally and vertically) concentrations and warming.

Question 21

What Is the average of ozone in the tropospheric ozone?

Answer 21

This can’t be done because it produces and it dies and again and again.

Question 22

How humans increase water vapor content of the atmosphere

Answer 22

addition of greenhouse gases –> Increase in atmospheric heat content –> increased evaporation –> increased atmospheric water vapor

Question 23

What are the global Emission Rates?

of Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, H&C - fluorocarbons

Answer 23

CO2: 41.5 billion tons/yr
CH4: 116.0 million tongs/yr
N2O: 9.4 million tons/yr
CFC: 38,000 tons/yr

Question 24

What are their concentrations in the atmosphere?

of Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, H&C - fluorocarbons

Answer 24

CO2: 413 ppm
CH4: 1.892 ppm
N2O: 0.333 ppm
CFC: 0.0003 ppm

Question 25

Lifetime in the Atmosphere ofof Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, H&C - fluorocarbons

Answer 25

CO2: 121 years
CH4: 10 s-1000s of years
N2O: 13 years
CFC: 12 years

Question 26

What does the rate of removal of CO2 varied on?

Answer 26

By sink complicating atmospheric lifetimes of gas.

Question 27

What percentages stay of CO2 in 30 years, 100 years and 1000 years

Answer 27

30 years: 50%
100 years: 30%
1000 years: 20%

Question 28

Radiative Efficiency of

CFC, N2O,Methane, CO2

Answer 28

CFC: 0.19
N2O:0.003
Methane:0.00036
CO2: 0.000014