5 - From sounds to words Flashcards
What is neural tracking?
The phenomenon when electrical brain activity synchronizes to particular properties of sensory inputs
How does neural tracking happen when listening to language?
The brain tracks syllables, phrases and sentences
What is concurrent tracking mean in language listening?
Neural representation of smaller linguistic units is embedded at different phases of the neural activity tracking a higher-level structure
What is evidence that supports the separability of the 2 pathways?
- Easily translate sound into motor speech without linking to the conceptual system as wehn we repeat a pseudoword
- Inability to produce speech as a result of acquired or congenital neurological disease or temporary deactivation of the motor speech system does not preclude the ability to comprehend spoken language.
What is the ventral stream and what is it important for?
The ventral stream is a bilateral stream which includes the superior and middle portions of the temporal lobe and is important for comprehension (lexical representations).
What is the role of Superior temporal sulcus in language processing?
It is important for representing and processing phonological information.
What is the difference between the posterior and the anterior temporal lobe?
- Damage to the posterior temporal lobe is known to cause deficits in auditory comprehension.
- Damage to the anterior temporal lobe is known the cause deficits in comprehending complex syntactic structures.
What is the dorsal stream and what is it important for?
The dorsal stream is left dominant and includes the posterior planum temporale region (Spt), dorsolateral premotor site, lateral inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus. It is important for articulatory representations (motor speech).
How is the dorsal stream hypothesized to work?
The STS code sensory-based representations of speech, motor regions code motor-based representations of speech and Spt serves as a sensory-motor integration system.
Damage to Spt can cause what?
Conduction aphasia. In this kind of aphasia the patient has good comprehension but makes frequent phonemic errors in speech production.
Why is an internal forward model important in speech motor control?
Forward predictions about future state of motor articulators and sensory consequences of predicted actions are neeedeed to control action mechanism for detecting and correcting errors.
The ventral stream also does predicting. For what is ventral stream prediction important?
- Predicts sensory events via context or priming
- increases detectability of the predicted stimulus, unlike the behavioral effects of motor-based prediction
- forward prediction is useful for perceptual recognition only when it is coming out of the ventral stream
Explain transitional probability and why it is important for language perception?
Transitional probability is a measure of how likely a symbol will appear, given a preceding or succeeding symbol. The transitional probability between syllables is low between words and high within words.
What effect does dyslexia have on auditory language perception?
When learning new words there is a slower build-up of neural tracking. There is a sluggish neural adaptation. They are therefore slow in the development of efficient phonological representations and this impairment may affect audiovisual integration of letters and speech soudns when the child starts to learn to read.
Phoneme
smallest sound unit that changes the meaning of a word. (cat hat)
