5 Electrons and bonding

Question 1

What is the shell number called? (1 mark)

Answer 1

The principle quantum number (n)

Question 2

When n is the number of the shell, what is the formula for the number of electrons in a shell? (1 mark)

Answer 2

2n^2

Question 3

What are shells made up of? (1 mark)

Answer 3

Atomic orbitals

Question 4

How many electrons does an atomic orbital hold, and what direction do they spin? (2 marks)

Answer 4

2
opposite directions

Question 5

What are the types of atomic orbital? (4 marks)

Answer 5

s-orbitals
p-orbitals
d-orbitals
f-orbitals

Question 6

How many s-orbitals are in a shell from n=1? (1 mark)

Answer 6

1

Question 7

How many p-orbitals are in a shell from n=2? (1 mark)

Answer 7

3

Question 8

How many d-orbitals are in a shell from n=3? (1 mark)

Answer 8

5

Question 9

How many f-orbitals are in a shell from n=4? (1 mark)

Answer 9

7

Question 10

How many electrons are in an s-orbital? (1 mark)

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How many electrons are in a p-orbital? (1 mark)

Answer 11

6

Question 12

How many electrons are in a d-orbital? (1 mark)

Answer 12

10

Question 13

How many electrons are in a f-orbital? (1 mark)

Answer 13

14

Question 14

How many electrons are in shell 1? (1 mark)

Answer 14

2

Question 15

How many electrons are in shell 2? (1 mark)

Answer 15

2 + 6= 8

Question 16

How many electrons are in shell 3? (1 mark)

Answer 16

2 + 6 + 10= 18

Question 17

How many electrons are in shell 4? (1 mark)

Answer 17

2 + 6 + 10 + 14= 32

Question 18

What order are orbitals filled in? (1 mark)

Answer 18

In order of increasing energy.

Question 19

What is an electron orbital? (2 marks)

Answer 19

A region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins.

Question 20

What are the two exceptions to the 3d, 4s rule? (2 marks)

Answer 20

Chromium
Copper

Question 21

What is ionic bonding? (1 mark)

Answer 21

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 22

What is the structure of ionic compounds? (1 mark)

Answer 22

Giant ionic lattice

Question 23

Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water? (2 marks)

Answer 23

Water is polar, the polar water molecules break down the lattice and surround each ion in solution.

Question 24

What is covalent bonding? (2 marks)

Answer 24

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

Question 25

What is dative covalent bond? (1 mark)

Answer 25

A covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.

Question 26

What is the correlation between bond enthalpy and bond strength? (1 mark)

Answer 26

The larger the value of the average bond enthalpy, the stronger the covalent bond.

Question 27

What does isoelectronic mean? (1 mark)

Answer 27

Two molecules have the same number of electrons.

Question 28

What shape is an s-orbital? (1 mark)

Answer 28

Spherical

Question 29

What shape is a p-orbital? (1 mark)

Answer 29

Dumb-bell