5 Electrons and bonding Flashcards
What is the shell number called? (1 mark)
The principle quantum number (n)
When n is the number of the shell, what is the formula for the number of electrons in a shell? (1 mark)
2n^2
What are shells made up of? (1 mark)
Atomic orbitals
How many electrons does an atomic orbital hold, and what direction do they spin? (2 marks)
2
opposite directions
What are the types of atomic orbital? (4 marks)
s-orbitals
p-orbitals
d-orbitals
f-orbitals
How many s-orbitals are in a shell from n=1? (1 mark)
1
How many p-orbitals are in a shell from n=2? (1 mark)
3
How many d-orbitals are in a shell from n=3? (1 mark)
5
How many f-orbitals are in a shell from n=4? (1 mark)
7
How many electrons are in an s-orbital? (1 mark)
2
How many electrons are in a p-orbital? (1 mark)
6
How many electrons are in a d-orbital? (1 mark)
10
How many electrons are in a f-orbital? (1 mark)
14
How many electrons are in shell 1? (1 mark)
2
How many electrons are in shell 2? (1 mark)
2 + 6= 8
How many electrons are in shell 3? (1 mark)
2 + 6 + 10= 18
How many electrons are in shell 4? (1 mark)
2 + 6 + 10 + 14= 32
What order are orbitals filled in? (1 mark)
In order of increasing energy.
What is an electron orbital? (2 marks)
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins.
What are the two exceptions to the 3d, 4s rule? (2 marks)
Chromium
Copper
What is ionic bonding? (1 mark)
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
What is the structure of ionic compounds? (1 mark)
Giant ionic lattice
Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water? (2 marks)
Water is polar, the polar water molecules break down the lattice and surround each ion in solution.
What is covalent bonding? (2 marks)
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
What is dative covalent bond? (1 mark)
A covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.
What is the correlation between bond enthalpy and bond strength? (1 mark)
The larger the value of the average bond enthalpy, the stronger the covalent bond.
What does isoelectronic mean? (1 mark)
Two molecules have the same number of electrons.
What shape is an s-orbital? (1 mark)
Spherical
What shape is a p-orbital? (1 mark)
Dumb-bell
