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Module 2- Foundations in Chemistry > 5 Electrons and bonding > Flashcards

5 Electrons and bonding Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shell number called? (1 mark)

A

The principle quantum number (n)

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2
Q

When n is the number of the shell, what is the formula for the number of electrons in a shell? (1 mark)

A

2n^2

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3
Q

What are shells made up of? (1 mark)

A

Atomic orbitals

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4
Q

How many electrons does an atomic orbital hold, and what direction do they spin? (2 marks)

A

2
opposite directions

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5
Q

What are the types of atomic orbital? (4 marks)

A

s-orbitals
p-orbitals
d-orbitals
f-orbitals

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6
Q

How many s-orbitals are in a shell from n=1? (1 mark)

A

1

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7
Q

How many p-orbitals are in a shell from n=2? (1 mark)

A

3

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8
Q

How many d-orbitals are in a shell from n=3? (1 mark)

A

5

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9
Q

How many f-orbitals are in a shell from n=4? (1 mark)

A

7

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10
Q

How many electrons are in an s-orbital? (1 mark)

A

2

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11
Q

How many electrons are in a p-orbital? (1 mark)

A

6

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12
Q

How many electrons are in a d-orbital? (1 mark)

A

10

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13
Q

How many electrons are in a f-orbital? (1 mark)

A

14

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14
Q

How many electrons are in shell 1? (1 mark)

A

2

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15
Q

How many electrons are in shell 2? (1 mark)

A

2 + 6= 8

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16
Q

How many electrons are in shell 3? (1 mark)

A

2 + 6 + 10= 18

17
Q

How many electrons are in shell 4? (1 mark)

A

2 + 6 + 10 + 14= 32

18
Q

What order are orbitals filled in? (1 mark)

A

In order of increasing energy.

19
Q

What is an electron orbital? (2 marks)

A

A region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins.

20
Q

What are the two exceptions to the 3d, 4s rule? (2 marks)

A

Chromium
Copper

21
Q

What is ionic bonding? (1 mark)

A

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

22
Q

What is the structure of ionic compounds? (1 mark)

A

Giant ionic lattice

23
Q

Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water? (2 marks)

A

Water is polar, the polar water molecules break down the lattice and surround each ion in solution.

24
Q

What is covalent bonding? (2 marks)

A

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

25
Q

What is dative covalent bond? (1 mark)

A

A covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.

26
Q

What is the correlation between bond enthalpy and bond strength? (1 mark)

A

The larger the value of the average bond enthalpy, the stronger the covalent bond.

27
Q

What does isoelectronic mean? (1 mark)

A

Two molecules have the same number of electrons.

28
Q

What shape is an s-orbital? (1 mark)

A

Spherical

29
Q

What shape is a p-orbital? (1 mark)

A

Dumb-bell

Module 2- Foundations in Chemistry (5 decks)

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