5. Discontent and Rebellions Flashcards
How divided was Tudor society during the reign of Henry VIII?
It was divided by class and region. Local loyalties were often stronger than national ones.
How was Wales structured?
In 1536 the Laws in Wales Act changed its structure…
It divided Wales into shire counties which operated the same as those in England.
Welsh shires now had direct representation in the House of Commons and had the same legal framework as England.
Who exercised power in Wales?
Control was exercised on the crown’s behalf by members of the aristocracy such as the earl of Pembrokeshire.
How was the Anglo-Welsh border administered?
The former welsh lands and the bordering counties in England came under the jurisdiction of the council of Wales and the Marches.
This offered cheap access to the law for those living there.
How was the Anglo-Scottish border administered?
This border was difficult to police.
The border was split into three marches each under the jurisdiction of a warden.
He had to appoint Wardens who could not exercise too much power to be a threat to the king and were loyal to him.
What was the Council of the North?
The North was isolated from government which was based far away in London.
As a result, Cromwell and Henry re-established the Council as a permanent body to serve an administrative and legal function.
They were useful in keeping the North quiet during rebellions in 1549.
What was the social impact of religious upheaval?
Cromwell’s dissolution of the monasteries and religious injunctions from 1536 attacked traditional practices of Catholicism which provoked fears with the public.
This resulted in a major rebellion in the autumn of 1536 in Lincolnshire known as the pilgrimage of Grace
What were the long lasting consequences of religious upheaval?
Church lands were given to the Crown.
These were sold at a knock-down price to pay for Henry’s war-like foreign policy.
Monasteries played a major role in education and public life, so its dissolution impacted the citizens of the parish.
Monks and nuns were rendered unemployed
What social impact did the imposition of taxation to pay for foreign policy have?
It brought instability and disorder.
Many refused to pay the Amicable Grant in 1525.
The strongest resistance occurred in north Essex and south Suffolk.
What happened in the resistance to the Amicable Grant?
in 1525, around 1000 people gathered at the Essex-Suffolk border and were determined to resist payment.
Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk also faced around 4000 taxation resisters.
How was the resistance to the Amicable Grant supressed?
The Dukes handled the matter sensitively and the king backed down.
Wolsey publicly begged the king to offer pardon to the leaders and those who had taken part in the rebellion.
They were all treated leniently.
What was the significance of the uprising to the Amicable Grant?
It demonstrated clearly that Henry could not operate in defiance of the taxpaying classes.
Later, when invading France, he used money from the sale of church lands instead.
What was the Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace?
Together they comprised the largest rebellion in Tudor England.
It began in Lincolnshire on 2nd October 1536 and spread from there.
The Pilgrimage of Grace began on 8th October 1536 in Yorkshire under the leadership of Robert Aske.
These rebels were more radical and militant than those in Lincolnshire.
What caused the Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace?
Religious motives included the dissolution of the monasteries and fear for parish churches and traditional religious practices
There were also secular motives
How did the dissolution of the monasteries lead to the Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace?
By Autumn 1536, the dissolution of smaller monasteries was under way.
This would lead to:
the loss of their charitable and educational functions, possible loss of parish churches and the fear that the north would be impoverished by monastic lands falling into the hands of southerners.
