5 - Demograohic changes Flashcards
Define birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 per year
Define fertility rate
Number of totally fertile people per 1000
Define infant mortality rate
Number of deaths per year per 1000 in children under the age of 1
Define mortality rate
Number of deaths per year per 1000
Define net migration
Difference between number of emigrants (enter) and immigrants (leave)
Define life expectancy
Number of years you are expected to live
Define natural change
More births than deaths
When were the baby booms?
1920s - War
1940s - War
1980-1970s - Baby boom people had kids
5 reasons for changing birth rate
Decline in child mortality Attitudes towards motherhood Secularisation Economy Contraception
5 consequences of the changing birth rate (Name 3)
Changing family size Less extended kin Decrease in full time mums More child centred Aging population
Explanation of aging population (3)
Economic liability
Strain on NHS
Pension
Explanation of changing family size
Decrease in nuclear family
1870 - 6 children
2001 - 1.6 children
Explanation of family having less extended kin
AO3 as well
Less support so more isolated
AO3 - not true for all cultural groups (Asians have bigger families)
Explanation of decrease in full time mothers
Duel earner
MC women work so demand nannies and childcare
What are diseases of poverty? Name 2
Caused by people’s living, housing and environmental standards (malnutrition, water)
Measles, flu
What are diseases of affluence? Name 2
Living a luxurious lifestyle
Heart disease, cancer
What is the main reason the death rate has decreased according to McKeown?
Improved nutrition so social and economic improvements
Who says the death rate has increased due to impporved nutirtion?
McKeown
4 reasons why death rate has decreased
Improved public heath
McKeown - improved nutrition
Tranter - elimination of preventable diseases
Medical technology
North vs South life expectancy in females
South - 86 yrs old
North - 81 yrs old
WC vs MC/UC death rate stats (2)
Infant mortality x2 more likely in married couples of lowest social class
WC men in unskilled manual jobs x2 more likely to die before 60 than in a manage job
Ethnicity differences in death rate
Infant mortality:
White -3.7%
Pakistani - 8.8%
…….% of all lone-person households are made up of old peple
44%
3 consequences for an aging population
More old 1 person households
More extended families
More beanpole families
Pro for caring for grandparents
Care is socially isolated
Cons for caring for grandparents
Domestic burden - female cares
Financial hardship (give up work)
Pressures (promotions, holiday)
How does Litwak describe the nuclear family? Why?
Modified extended family
Feel obligated to care for them even if not geographically close
Stats about grandparents
61% of grandparents see their grandchildren at least once a week
Who created the beanpole family?
Brannen
3 reasons for beanpole families
Aging population
Divorce
Women want a career
Brannen created the ……. …………. (NOT beanpole)
Describe it
Pivot generation
Meet demands for both old and young
2 pros of an aging population
Free childcare
Volunteers
4 cons of an aging population
Strain on NHS
Increase tax or work more for pensions
Emotional strain
Housing demand
What shape is the UK in terms of population. Who says this?
( ) Hirsch
( )
I I
What does Townsend say about old people’s wealth?
They are asset rich (buy houses when cheap and no student debt)
What does Pilcher blame for the aging population?
Social policy - females live longer but have less pensions
How has the value of old people changed?
Blakie - now a consumer (holidays)
Define immigration
Coming to live in a country
Define emigration
Leaving a country to live in another
2 push and pull factors for immigration
Pull - economic prosperity and quality of life
Push - War, famine
1 push and 2 pull factors for emigration
Pull - work opportunities
Push - Warmer climate and better lifestyle
4 consequences of migration
Cultural diversity
Changes in family size
Cultural identity
Social and environment concerns
Who says that afro-Caribbean people are more likely to marry another ethnic group
Platt
What does interracial families lead to according to Ali
Dual heritage kids
Berthuod - …………% of Asian households live in extended family
33%
Who did Chamberlain and Goulborne study? What did they find?
Black single mothers in Leeds. They were supporting by extended kinship, they were friends / neighbours
Migration has lead to …………… and ………….
Prejudice and discrimination
3 effects of migration (socio-economic, environ)
Housing
Employment
Translators
……….% of the population are white
86%
………….% of London is white
56%
What is the second most common language spoken?
Polish
………….% of immigrants are under 45
95%
