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MSK Week 2 2017/18 > 5: Connective tissue diseases 2: electric boogaloo > Flashcards

5: Connective tissue diseases 2: electric boogaloo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main symptom of connective tissue disease?

A

Arthralgia / arthritis

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2
Q

People with connective tissue diseases may be extremely ___.

A

tired

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3
Q

People with connective tissue diseases may experience muscle ___.

A

weakness , pain

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4
Q

What does sicca mean?

A

Dryness

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5
Q

What sort of sicca symptoms do people with CTDs get?

A

Dry mouth

Crusty eyes

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6
Q

What hand phenomenon is seen in connective tissue diseases?

A

Raynaud’s

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7
Q

What is the medical name for hair loss?

A

Alopecia

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8
Q

Connective tissue diseases often cause mouth ___.

A

ulcers

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9
Q

Connective tissue diseases are more commonly seen in (men / women).

A

women

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10
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary symptoms?

A

Primary - no cause, appears by itself

Secondary - related to other disease

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11
Q

Which hormone is associated with lupus?

A

Oestrogen

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12
Q

Name six connective tissue diseases.

A

SLE

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

Sjogren’s syndrome

Polymyositis

Systemic sclerosis

Mixed CTD

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13
Q

What are the characteristic events of anti-phospholipid syndrome?

A

Arterial / venous thrombosis > embolism

Miscarriage

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14
Q

APS may be primary or secondary to ___.

A

lupus

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15
Q

What are the three antiphospholipid antibodies tested for to diagnose APS?

A

Anti-cardiolipin

Lupus anticoagulant

Beta-2 glycoprotein

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16
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing APS?

A

Antibody elevated on 2 occasions at least 12 weeks apart

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17
Q

Unexplained arterial/venous events in young patients should make you suspicious of what?

A

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

18
Q

What is levido reticularis?

What is it caused by?

Which condition should be tested for?

A

Criss-crossy redness on arms

Thrombosis in small blood vessels

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

19
Q

How long are APS patients put on anticoagulants for?

A

Forever

life

20
Q

Can warfarin be given to pregnant women?

A

No, teratogenic

21
Q

What anticoagulants are given to pregnant women?

A

Aspirin and fragmin

22
Q

Which anti-malarial drug is given to patients with APS?

A

Hydroxychloroquine (TNF alpha inhibitor)

23
Q

What is Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Autoimmune - chronic inflammation of lacrimal and salivary glands

24
Q

What are the main symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Dry eyes

Dry mouth

Arthritis / arthralgia

Fatigue

25
Q

What kind of cancer can occur as a result of increased B cell activity in CTDs?

A

Lymphoma

26
Q

Why do people with Sjogren’s syndrome tend to have poor dentition?

A

Salivary glands are crap

Saliva contains proteolytic enzymes which kill bacteria

27
Q

People with Sjogren’s syndrome tend to get corneal ___.

A

ulcers

28
Q

What is Sherman’s test for Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Filter paper put in eye, rheumatologist assesses how wet it is

29
Q

An ANA titre higher than what is suspicious?

A

1:160

30
Q

Which autoantibodies are seen in Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Anti Ro

Anti La

31
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Salivary gland biopsy

32
Q

How is Sjogren’s syndrome treated?

A

Artificial tear supplements

Saliva supplements

Ciclosporin eye drops (immunosuppressant)

Hydroxychloroquine (first drug used in almost everything)

Immunosuppressants

33
Q

Sjogren’s patients are advised to keep good ___ ___.

A

dental hygiene

34
Q

What does sclerosis mean?

A

Hardening

35
Q

What is the main presenting symptom of systemic sclerosis?

A

Raynaud’s

36
Q

What happens in systemic sclerosis?

A

Autoimmune disease - vascular endothelial changes, fibrosis

37
Q

What is diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis?

A

Skin involvement PROXIMAL to forearms, torso

38
Q

What is “limited” systemic sclerosis compared to diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis?

A

Skin DISTAL to elbows involved, no torso

39
Q

What are the CREST signs of systemic sclerosis?

A

Calcinosis

Raynaud’s

Oesophageal/gut dysmotility

Sclerodactyly

Telangectasia

40
Q

What is thickening of the skin called?

A

Scleroderma

41
Q

What autoantibodies are seen in

a) diffuse systemic sclerosis
b) limited systemic sclerosis?

A

a) Anti-Scl70

b) Anti-centromere antibody

42
Q

Which autoantibodies are associated with

a) limited systemic sclerosis
b) diffuse systemic sclerosis?

A

a) Anti-centromere antibody

b) Anti-Scl70 antibody

MSK Week 2 2017/18 (11 decks)

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