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1. Networking Basics > 5. Communication Principles // > Flashcards

5. Communication Principles // Flashcards

1
Q

Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules or agreements to govern the conversation. These agreements include the following:

A
  • What method of communication should we use?
  • What language should we use?
  • Do we need to confirm that our messages are received?
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2
Q

In both a wired and wireless environment, a local network is defined as?

A

as an area where all hosts must “speak the same language”, which, in computer terms means they must “share a common protocol”.

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3
Q

What are the protocol characteristics?

A
  • Message Format
  • Message size
  • Timing
  • Encoding
  • Encapsulation
  • Message Pattern
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4
Q

With the increasing number of new devices and technologies coming online, how is it possible to manage all the changes and still reliably deliver services such as email?

A

internet standards.

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5
Q

ensure that all devices connecting to the network implement the same set of rules or protocols in the same manner.

A

Networking and internet standards

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6
Q

When a new standard is proposed, each stage of the development and approval process is recorded in?

A

in a numbered Request for Comments (RFC) document so that the evolution of the standard is tracked.

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7
Q

RFCs for internet standards are published and managed by the?

A

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

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8
Q

What are the benefits of the layered model?

A
  • Assists in protocol design, because protocols that operate at a specific layer have defined information that they act upon and a defined interface to the layers above and below.
  • Fosters competition because products from different vendors can work together.
  • Enables technology changes to occur at one level without affecting the other levels.
  • Provides a common language to describe networking functions and capabilities.
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9
Q

The first layered model for internetwork communications was created in the early?

A

early 1970s and is referred to as the internet model. It defines four categories of functions that must occur in order for communications to be successful.

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10
Q

What are the layers of TCP/IP Model

A
  • Application
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Network Access
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11
Q

Represents the data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control

A

Application Layer

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12
Q

Supports communication between various devices across diverse networks

A

Transport Layer

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13
Q

Determines the best path through the network

A

Internet Layer

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14
Q

Controls the hardware devices and the media that make up the work

A

Network Access

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15
Q

There are two basic types of models that we use to describe the?

A

the functions that must occur in order for network communications to be successful:

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16
Q

What are the two basic types of models that we use to describe the functions that must occur in order for network communications to be successful?

A

Protocol and Reference Model

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17
Q

includes the set of related protocols that typically provide all the functionality required for people to communicate with the data network.

A

Protocol Suite

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18
Q

What model closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite.

A

Protocol model

19
Q

Why TCP/IP is a protocol model?

A

because it describes the functions that occur at each layer of protocols within the TCP/IP suite.

20
Q

This type of model describes the functions that must be completed at a particular layer, but does not specify exactly how a function should be accomplished.

A

Reference model

21
Q

not intended to provide a sufficient level of detail to define precisely how each protocol should work at each layer.

A

Reference model

22
Q

The primary purpose of a reference model is?

A

to aid in clearer understanding of the functions and processes necessary for network communications.

23
Q

What are the OSI Reference Model

A
  • Application
  • Presentation
  • Session
  • Transport
  • Network
  • Data-Link
  • Physical
24
Q

Provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data between identified devices

A

Network Layer

25
Q

Describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and deactivate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device

A

Physical Layer

26
Q

Common representation of the data transferred between application layer services

A

Presentation Layer

27
Q

Contains protocol used for process-to-process communications

A

Application Layer

28
Q

Defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices

A

Transport Layer

29
Q

Describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media

A

Data-Link Layer

30
Q

Provides services to the Presentation Layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange

A

Session Layer

31
Q

is a method of visualizing the interactions of the various protocols that make up the TCP/IP protocol suite.

A

The TCP/IP model

32
Q

Why do we need to learn the OSI model as well?

A

The TCP/IP model is a method of visualizing the interactions of the various protocols that make up the TCP/IP protocol suite. It does not describe general functions that are necessary for all networking communications. It describes the networking functions specific to those protocols in use in the TCP/IP protocol suite. For example, at the network access layer, the TCP/IP protocol suite does not specify which protocols to use when transmitting over a physical medium, nor the method of encoding the signals for transmission. OSI Layers 1 and 2 discuss the necessary procedures to access the media and the physical means to send data over a network.

33
Q

Compare the OSI Layer 3 to the TCP/IP

A

OSI Layer 3, the network layer, maps directly to the TCP/IP internet layer. This layer is used to describe protocols that address and route messages through an internetwork.

34
Q

Compare the OSI Layer 4 to the TCP/IP

A

OSI Layer 4, the transport layer, maps directly to the TCP/IP transport layer. This layer describes general services and functions that provide ordered and reliable delivery of data between source and destination hosts.

35
Q

Compare the Application Layer of TCP/IP to OSI Reference Model

A

The TCP/IP application layer includes several protocols that provide specific functionality to a variety of end user applications. The OSI model Layers 5, 6, and 7 are used as references for application software developers and vendors to produce applications that operate on networks.

36
Q

Why OSI is used for referring lower layers?

A

Both the TCP/IP and OSI models are commonly used when referring to protocols at various layers. Because the OSI model separates the data link layer from the physical layer, it is commonly used when referring to these lower layers.

37
Q

What protocol characteristic this is referring to:

When a message is sent, it must use a specific structure.

A

Message format

38
Q

What protocol characteristic this is referring to:

The rules that govern the size of the pieces communicated across the network are very strict. They can also be different, depending on the channel used.

A

Message size

39
Q

What protocol characteristic this is referring to:

Determines the speed at which the bits are transmitted across the network. It also affects when an individual host can send data and the total amount of data that can be sent in any one transmission.

A

Timing

40
Q

What protocol characteristic this is referring to:

Messages sent across the network are first converted into bits by the sending host. Each bit is encoded into a pattern of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media over which the bits are transmitted.

A

Encoding

41
Q

What protocol characteristic this is referring to:

is the process of adding this information to the pieces of data that make up the message.

A

Encapsulation

42
Q

What protocol characteristic this is referring to:

Some messages require an acknowledgment before the next message can be sent. This type of request/response pattern is a common aspect of many networking protocols. However, there are other types of messages that may be simply streamed across the network, without concern as to whether they reach their destination.

A

Message Pattern

43
Q
A

1. Networking Basics (18 decks)

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