#5: colorectal cancer 2 Flashcards
1
Q
6 risk factors of colorectal cancer
A
- History of colorectal polyps or cancer
- History of inflammatory bowel disease
- Family history
- race/ethnicity
- Diabetes
- Lifestyle factors (diet, inactivity, obesity, smoking, heavy alcohol use)
2
Q
Pathophysiology of colorectal cancer (5)
A
- Cause remains unclear
- High risk factors
- Risk increases after age 50
- Most common is adenocarcinoma
- Growing tumour can cause obstruction
3
Q
Incidences of colorectal cancer (2)
A
1) ascending colon and rectum
2) sigmoid colon
4
Q
left side clinical manifestations
A
- rectal bleeding
- alternating constipation and diarrhea
- change in stool calibre
- sensation of incomplete evacuation
5
Q
right side clinical manifestations
A
- usually asymptomatic
- vague abdominal pain or crampy
- colicky
6
Q
Ascending colon clinical manifestions
A
- pain
- mass
- change in bowel habits
- anemia
7
Q
transverse colon clinical manifestations
A
- pain
- obstruction
- change in bowel habits
- anemia
8
Q
descending colon clinical manifestations
A
- pain
- change in bowel habits
- bright red blood in stool
- obstruction
9
Q
rectum clinical manifestations
A
- blood in stool
- change in bowel habits
- rectal discomfort
10
Q
2 recommended screening procedures
A
- fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
- colonoscopy if required/advised
11
Q
3 descriptors of a hemi-colectomy
A
- diseased portion is removed
- either reconnect bowel with stitches or create a colostomy
-Concerns: sepsis (bowel content leakage), body image
12
Q
4 disorders of the GI tract
A
- Colitis
- IBS
- GERD
- diverticulosis
13
Q
4 types of colitis (inflammatory bowel disease)
A
-ulcerative
-Crohn’s
-ischemic
-radiation
14
Q
4 signs & symptoms of colitis
A
- diarrhea
- rectal bleeding
- abdominal cramps
- urgency
15
Q
treatments for colitis
A
- colonoscopy
- biopsy
- prednisone
- possible steroids
