5. cardiovascular disease Flashcards
1
Q
Atheroma formation
A
- damage to endothelium of artery
- white blood cells and lipids from blood clump together under lining to form fatty streaks
- connective tissue, WBC, lipids build up and harden = fibrous plaque = atheroma
2
Q
atheroma effect on pressure
A
partially block lumen restricts blood flow = high blood pressure
3
Q
atheromas increase risk of aneurysm
A
- blood travels through artery at high pressure.
- push inner layers of artery through outer elastic layer. ballon like swelling.
- aneurysm may burst = haemorrhage
4
Q
atheromas increase risk of thrombosis
A
- atheroma can rupture endothelium of artery
- damages artery wall, leaves rough surface
- platlets and fibrin accumulate and form a blood clot ( a thrombus)
- can cause blockage of artery
5
Q
Coronary heart disease
A
- coronary arteries have lots of atheromas restricting blood flow to heart muscle
- can lead to myocardial infarction
6
Q
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
A
- coronry artery completely blocked (e.g. blood clot) area of heart recieves no O2 = heart attack (damage/death of heart muscle)
- symptoms- shortness of breath, sweating, pain in chest and upper body
7
Q
increased risk of cardiovascular disease- high blood cholesterol and poor diet
A
- cholesterol makes up fatty deposits that form atheromas (which lead to increased blood pressure and blood clots->myocardial infarction)
- high saturate fat = high cholesterol
- high salt = high blood pressure
8
Q
increased risk of cardiovascular disease- cigarette smoking
A
- nicotene = high blood pressure
- carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin and reduces O2 transported in blood (can lead to heart attack)
- decreases amount of antioxidants (protect cells from damage. cell damage in coronary arteries more likely -> atheroma)
9
Q
increased risk of cardiovascular disease- high blood pressure
A
- increased risk of damage to artery walls -> atheroma formation -> blood clot -> myocardial infarction
- overweight, alcohol, not excercising
