5: Breast imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main advantage of mammography over USS for imaging breasts?

A

More detailed picture compared to USS

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2
Q

Which type of breast cancer is best identified by mammography?

A

DCIS

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3
Q

What is a disadvantage of taking a mammogram?

A

Delivers a dose of radiation

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4
Q

What type of mammogram can be used instead of taking an MRI?

A

Contast mammogram

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5
Q

Which imaging modality is used for typical breast cancer screening?

A

Mammography

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6
Q

When is an ultrasound scan indicated over X-rays for breast masses?

A

Mass is palpable, inflammatory or occuring in a pregnant woman

Woman is < 40 years old (denser breasts)

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7
Q

What type of ultrasound scan can show you how stiff a tumour is?

A

Shear wave elastography

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8
Q

Benign breast masses are ___ and malignant breast masses are ___.

A

benign > soft

malignant > stiff

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9
Q

(Ductal / lobular) cancers are stiffer.

A

Lobular cancers are stiffer than ductal cancers

They’re both stiff

ok

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10
Q

Which imaging modality gives you the most detailed picture of the breast?

A

MRI scan

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11
Q

What is a disadvantage of using MRI to image the breasts?

A

Picture is so detailed that you pick up lots of cancerous cells

Increasing total mastectomy rate when arguably radiotherapy and other treatments would handle it

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12
Q

Which imaging modality is used to monitor a breast cancer’s responsible to treatment?

A

MRI scan

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13
Q

Which imaging modality is used to screen high risk women (e.g those with BRCA1/2 mutations)?

A

MRI scan

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14
Q

Who carries out breast biopsies nowadays?

A

Radiologists

using USS to guide the needle

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15
Q

What benign breast lesion is very common in women under 30?

A

Fibroadenoma

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16
Q

What benign breast lesions are very common in women aged 30 - 50?

A

Fibrocystic changes

17
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for a breast lump in a woman over 50?

A

Breast cancer

18
Q

Apart from the breasts, what other structures can USS be used to view?

A

Lymph nodes

particularly axilla

19
Q

What else should be imaged to exclude metastatic disease in breast cancer?

A

CT chest

(lungs, heart)

20
Q

In which two inflammatory breast conditions is drainage performed using USS?

A

Acute mastitis in breastfeeding women

Duct ectasia

21
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat cases of acute mastitis caused by Staph aureus or Strep pyogenes?

A

Flucloxacillin

or Augmentin if patient is penicllin allergic

22
Q

Why do you want to avoid giving a pregnant woman a mammogram?

A

X-ray delivers dose of radiation to the child