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Haematology Week 1 2018/19 > 5: Blood transfusion > Flashcards

5: Blood transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Blood donors must be ___.

A

healthy

so healthy weight, not anaemic, not infected with stuff, fully health screened

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2
Q

How long can RBCs be stored for?

A

35 days

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3
Q

How long can fresh frozen plasma (FFP) be stored for?

A

3 years

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4
Q

How long can platelets be stored for?

A

7 days

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5
Q

What does FFP contain?

A

Clotting factors

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6
Q

Different individuals have different blood ___.

A

blood groups

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7
Q

Which blood group system is coded for by chromosome 9?

A

ABO system

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8
Q

What is a blood group?

A

Antigens expressed on the surface of red blood cells

36 different types, inherited from parents

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9
Q

What is Landsteiner’s Law?

A

If you LACK an A or B antigen, antibodies to A or B antigens will be found in your blood from birth

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10
Q

What type of antibodies act against A and B antigens?

A

Anti-A IgM antibodies act against cells with B antigen

Anti-B IgM antibodies act against cells with A antigen

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11
Q

What do anti-A and anti-B antibodies cause?

A

Haemolysis of red blood cells with the corresponding antigens

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12
Q

What antibodies are produced by patients with blood group

a) O
b) A
c) B
d) AB?

A

a) Anti-A and Anti-B
b) Anti-B
c) Anti-A
d) None

You produce antibodies for the antigens you DON’T have

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13
Q

What is the next important blood group system after ABO?

A

Rhesus system

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14
Q

What is the genotype of a

a) Rhesus positive (Rh+)
b) Rhesus negative (Rh-) patient?

A

a) DD or Dd

b) dd

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15
Q

What happens to RhD negative patients if they are exposed to RhD positive blood?

A

Transfusion reaction

Haemolytic disease of newborn

link back to obstetrics

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16
Q

What are the two important blood group systems you need to know?

A

ABO system

Rh system

17
Q

What is the name of the process which involves determining the blood group of a person by adding antibodies to a sample of blood?

A

Cross matching

18
Q

Before receiving blood transfusions, patient ___ ___ must be identified.

A

blood groups

19
Q

What is agglutination?

A

Clumping of red cells

because antibodies can bind to more than one red cell, bringing them together

20
Q

Some antibodies don’t cause agglutination because they only have one / two binding sites.

How is this problem overcome?

A

Anti-human globulin

protein which binds to the ANTIBODIES, cause agglutination

21
Q

Blood used for transfusions needs to be ___ with the patient blood group and antibodies.

A

compatible

the process of finding out if this is the case or not is called ‘cross matching’

22
Q

In which situations is a blood transfusion indicated?

A

Symptomatic anaemia

Major haemorrhage

23
Q

Under which haemoglobin concentration is a blood transfusion indicated?

A

< 70 g/L

24
Q

Under which haemoglobin concentration is a blood transfusion indicated for patients with cardiac disease?

A

< 80 g/L

25
Q

In which situations is a platelet transfusion indicated?

A

Thrombocytopaenia +/- bleeding

Bone marrow failure

26
Q

FFP contains clotting factors.

In which situations is an FFP transfusion indicated?

A

Rx bleeding or prevention of bleeding in patients with COAGULOPATHIES

Massive haemorrhage

27
Q

Patients need to be correctly ___ at each step of requesting a blood transfusion.

A

identified

28
Q

What does group and screen mean?

A

A check for patient’s ABO group and antibody status

29
Q

What happens to incorrectly or incompletely labelled blood samples?

A

Rejection by lab

30
Q

When should observations be carried out on a patient receiving a blood transfusion?

A

Before transfusion

15 minutes post-admin

60 minutes post-completion

31
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is a blood transfusion reaction?

A

Type II hypersensitivity

Antibody mediated

32
Q

Which group of people are given anti-D injections?

A

Pregnant Rhesus -ve women who have Rhesus +ve babies

Because if they are exposed to baby’s blood through haemorrhage, prenatal testing etc., they can have a haemolytic reaction

33
Q

How much blood is typically transfused at a time?

A

One unit

Haematology Week 1 2018/19 (9 decks)

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