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OP2206 > 5. Arrangement Tests > Flashcards

5. Arrangement Tests Flashcards

1
Q

When are colour arrangement tests used- 3 cases?

A
  1. In clinical practice for occupational testing.
  2. Identification of moderate- severe defects.
  3. Allow to monitor acquired defects.
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2
Q

Colour arrangement tests are used in identification of what conditions?

A

Protan, deutan and tritan defects

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3
Q

Can colour arrangement test be used alone to pick up colour vision defects?

A

This test does not pick up minor defects hence, use a combination of tests along this.

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4
Q

How is Farnsworth D-15 test done?

A
  1. 14 caps are taken out of the box and the pilot cap is inside the box,
  2. The caps are arranged in a random order in front of the patients.
  3. Patients are asked to place caps inside the box in order to which cap is the most similar to the pilot cap and so on.
    Patients have as much as time as they want to complete the test.

The results are then plotted in a recording sheet- starting from pilot cap joining the dots according to the numerical arrangement of caps by the patient.

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5
Q

What light is used in D15 TEST

A

Standard illuminant C

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6
Q

What is the working distance for D15 test?

A

No fixed working distance

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7
Q

What instruction should you give patients when touching the caps?

A

No to pick up or touch the caps from the top but pick caps from the side.

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8
Q

In the CIE diagram, describe what the colour confusion line indicates?

A

Colour confusion line indicates where the patient sees colours as the same if they have a CV defect.

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9
Q

What is the meaning of crossing effect in the D15 test?

A

Patients with colour vision defects will pick up colours that lie along the colour confusion line and the caps will not be numerically ordered.

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10
Q

Will anomalous trichromats pass the D15 test?

A

Yes, mild defects are not detected by this test.

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11
Q

Is D15 a screening test?

A

NO, not a screening test- but it is a follow up test done after Ishihara test

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12
Q

How is the severity identified in the D15 test ?

A

More then 2 crossings suggest a severe defect, less then 2 crossings suggest a moderate defect.

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13
Q

The caps used in the munsell system have what?

A

Have a munsell description

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14
Q

What are 3 properties of colours selected in the munsell system?

A
  1. Hue
  2. Value (brightness): from down to up the spin: brightness changes from black to white.
  3. Chroma (saturation): as you move outwards colours change from desaturated to saturated.
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15
Q

What system do D15 chips have?

A

Munsell system
Value 5, chroma 4.. but hue will change on each chip.

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16
Q

To increase the difficulty of the test, Desaturated D15 chips can be used, what is the implication?

A

The chips have the same Hue but different chroma values.
Desaturated chips are more sensitive to colour vision defects and this chips are more likely to detect abnormalities that would be missed by standard D15 test.

17
Q

How is the 100 hue test done?

A

4 boxes, with 85 caps, 2 pilot caps at the 2 ends of the box.
Patients have to arrange the caps and there is a very subtle difference between the colours.

18
Q

How are the caps scored in Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test?

A
  1. Caps numbers are arranged in order of how the patient placed them in the box.
  2. To score a particular cap: The difference between the neighboring caps is taken.
  3. Add the 2 differences to get an individual number for a particular/ certain cap.
  4. This is repeated for all caps.
  5. This numbers are plotted onto the polar diagram.
19
Q

How are results interpreted in the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test?

A

Direction of the spokes: indicate the TYPE of defect.
Numerical score: indicates the SEVERITY of the defect.

20
Q

What does it mean when areas in the polar graph with large areas?

A

It means that patient is confusing colours the most in that area.

21
Q

In relation to the CIE diagram, where do most of the errors occur?

A

Most of the errors occur where a given confusion line touches the hue circle.

22
Q

What age group is the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test useful for?

A

Late teens and young adults: because old patients and young patients will make a lot of errors.
However, improvements seen with re-testing.

23
Q

What do random errors suggest? and how can it be improved?

A

Random errors: seen due to lack of concentration. This is normal.
CV defect: errors are more spread out.
Can be improved by: re-testing.

24
Q

Is the City University Test (Ed 2) a screening test?

A

NO

25
Q

What is City University Test (Ed 2) useful for?

A

Classification of different types of CV defects and occupational testing.

26
Q

Distance, light and time for City University Test (Ed 2)?

A

Distance: 35 cm
Lighting: Standard illuminant C
Time: 3 seconds per page

27
Q

How is City University Test (Ed 2) done?

A

Patient to look at the centre of the cap and pick a surrounding cap that it is most similar to.

28
Q

In the City University Test (Ed 2) who is likely to make more errors Deutans or Protans? Explain the reason behind this?

A

Deutans
Reason: Deutans have more plates to pick up CV defict compared to protans- not equal sensitivity.

29
Q

How is Mollon- Reffin test done?

A

In standard illumination C.
1. On a surface- Five of the grey chips are placed randomly. Test cap (orange) is added- this is used for initial demonstration.
2. Invite patient to identify coloured chip with a pointer.
Each row represents the colour confusion line.

30
Q

Benefit of using desaturated D15 test in comparison to a normal D15 test ?

A

Desaturated D15 test detects anomalies that would be missed by a standard D15 test. It is especially useful to detect subtle acquired defects in one eye e.g, glaucoma.

31
Q

How are caps scored in the 100 hue test?

A

Pick a cap: 1st order the caps and then get the difference between the value of that cap and its neighbors (2). Add the difference together to get 1 value that is used.

32
Q

Application of the 100 hue test- where is it used?

A

It is used to monitor pathology- monitor any changes.

33
Q

100 Hue Test is not the 1st choice of test, but when selected it is used to?

A

Classify the type of defect and measure the severity based on the error score.

34
Q

Does city university test (Ed 2) pick up on severity?

A

No, mild defect is not picked up by this test.

35
Q

100 Hue Test is most useful for?

A

Monitoring the progression of acquired defects.

OP2206 (7 decks)

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