5. Acids, Bases & Salts Flashcards
What are bases and alkalis?
Metal oxides and hydroxides are bases. Soluble hydroxides are called alkalis.
What is a neutralization reaction?
A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt is called a neutralization reaction.
How does the type of acid used in a neutralization reaction affect the salt produced?
The acid used determines the type of salt: hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, nitric acid produces nitrates, and sulfuric acid produces sulfates.
How does the metal in the base or alkali affect the salt produced in a neutralization reaction?
The metal in the base or alkali determines the metal part of the salt.
What happens when ammonia dissolves in water?
Ammonia dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution and is used to produce ammonium salts.
What is the reaction between calcium hydroxide (limewater) and carbon dioxide?
Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to produce calcium carbonate.
What ions make solutions acidic and alkaline, and what is the pH scale?
Hydrogen ions (H+) make solutions acidic, and hydroxide ions (OH–) make solutions alkaline.
The pH scale measures acidity/alkalinity from 0 to 14, with pH 7 being neutral.
How is the pH of a solution measured?
The pH of a solution can be measured using a universal indicator.
What is the equation for the neutralization reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions?
H+ (aq) + OH− (aq) → H2O (l)
How can soluble salts be made from acids?
Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with metals (suitable reactivity), insoluble bases (filtering excess solid), or alkalis (using an indicator).
What are the steps to crystallize salt solutions to produce solid salts?
Salt solutions can be crystallized by evaporating the water to leave behind solid salts.
How can insoluble salts be made?
Insoluble salts can be made by mixing appropriate solutions of ions to form a precipitate.
What is the use of precipitation in treating water?
Precipitation can be used to remove unwanted ions from solutions, such as in treating drinking water or effluent.
How would you name the substances needed to make a named insoluble salt?
To name the substances needed to make an insoluble salt, you combine the names of the ions that will form the precipitate. For example, to make barium sulfate, mix barium chloride and sodium sulfate.
