5. Acids and Bases Flashcards
What are the pHs of:
- Acids?
- Neutrals?
- Bases?
Acid = below pH 7 Neutral = pH7 Bases = above pH 7
What can pHs be measured using?
Universal indicator or Litmus paper
What is an acid?
Acids have a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions
What is a alkali?
Alkalis are substances which have a higher concentration of OH- ions than H+ ions
Why do both acids and alkalis conduct electricity well?
They conduct electricity well because they contain oppositely charged ions that are free to move in solution and can carry charge
Give examples of acids and alkalis
Acids - hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, ect.
Alkalis - sodium hydroxide,
What is the difference between an alkali and a base?
An alkali can rise an acids pH ABOVE 7, whereas a base can only raise its pH TO 7.
How do you dilute an acid or alkali?
Adding water to an acid or alkali moves its pH towards 7 (dilution)
Why does adding water to an acid or alkali dilute it?
The moles of the H+ and OH- ions hasn’t changed, but the volume of the solution has.
This means the concentration of H+ and OH- ions has decreased and the pH changes accordingly
How do you form an acid?
Burning a non-metal then dissolving this non-metal oxide in water, creates an acid
How do you form alkali?
Burning a metal then then dissolving this metal oxide in water, creates an alkali
What is the main neutralisation equation?
Acid + Alkali = Water + Salt
Water is the main product
Salt is the by-product
Metal oxides and metal carbonates are bases, and can also neutralise acids
Name the salt and spectator ions in this equation:
Sodium hydroxide + Sulfuric acid ————> Sodium sulphate + Water
Sodium sulphate is the salt produced, and is known as the spectator ions, as they aren’t the purpose of the experiment
