(5) 85-107

Question 1

Periodontal Ligament

Answer 1

The functions of the periodontal ligament are physical, formative and remodeling, nutritional and sensory.

Question 2

Periodontal Pocket

Answer 2

unusually deep gap in the space between the surrounding gums, called the gingival sulcus

Question 3

Periodontal Tissues (Periodontal Supportive Tissues)

Answer 3

Gingiva: The gingiva is divided anatomically into:
1. Marginal area
2. Attached area
3. Interdental area

Question 4

Periodontitis

Answer 4

• a bacterial infection of all parts of the periodontium, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, bone and cementum
• irreversible
• not the outcome of gingivitis

Question 5

Pericoronitis

Answer 5

an inflammatory process occurring in gingival tissue found around the coronal portion of the teeth, particularly around partially erupted

Question 6

Precancerous Lesion

Answer 6

morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than in its apparently normal counterpart

Types of precancerous lesions
1. leukoplakia
2. erythroplakia
3. nicotine stomatitis
4. tobacco pouch keratosis

Question 7

Preventive Orthodontics

Answer 7

Actions taken to preserve the integrity of what appears to be a normal occlusion at a specific time thus enhance coordination between teeth ,jaw and facial shape and maintain chewing and esthetic functions + pronounciatory + respiratory, prevention of potential interferences with occlusal development including malocclusions ( spaced dentition.maxillary anterior protrusion.cross bite.Openbite.Bimaxillary protrusion), periodontal tissue hygiene changes , incorrect jaw development and inconsistent facies.

Question 8

Prosthodontics

Answer 8

One of the branches of dentistry that deals with the replacement of missing teeth and the associated soft and hard tissues by prostheses (crowns, bridges, dentures) which may be fixed or removable, or may be supported and retained by implants

Question 9

Pulp Calcification

Answer 9

Extensive calcification (pulp stones or diffuse calcification) occurs as a response to trauma, caries, periodontal diseases or even aging

Question 10

Pulpal diseases

Answer 10

A series of diseases originating from inflammation in the dental pulp inside the tooth, mainly caused by carious invasion via dentinal tubules

Question 11

Pulpitis

Answer 11

• an irreversible inflammation of the pulp tissue
• manifested by spontaneous pain that is exacerbated in particular by hot stimuli, never cold

Question 12

Pulpal Diseases

Answer 12

A series of diseases originating from inflammation in the dental pulp inside the tooth, mainly caused by carious invasion via dentinal tubules

Question 13

Root Canal Therapy (RCT)

Answer 13

Most widely used technique to treat pulpal and periapical diseases.

1. First, to remove the infected substances.
2. Then, to obturate canal in three dimensions.

Question 14

Removable Partial Denture

Answer 14

RPD either tooth/tissue supported + potential to add teeth and relatively inexpensive + fast option.Most inclusions are for temporary purpose + periodontal splinting + template for surgical implants .The drawbacks include stomatitis , hygienical difficulties, caries, periodontal and endodontic lesions ,poor speech + mastication and Bone resorption

Question 15

Retention

Answer 15

a period following orthodontic treatment when a patient wears an appliance or appliances to stabilize the teeth in their new position

Question 16

Retrograde Pulpitis

Answer 16

The formation of bacterial plaques on root surfaces couldbe folowed by invasion through lateral or accesory channels to the pulp and induce pulpitis , quite the converse of the normal invasion through the pulp and outwards to the periodontal tissue

Question 17

Rubber dam

Answer 17

a thin sheet of latex (usually about 6 x 6 inches). It acts as a barrier that helps to keep the tooth isolated (clean, dry, contaminate-free) during the procedure

Question 18

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 18

most common type of oral cancer, which develops from the stratified squamous epithelium that lines the mouth and pharynx

Question 19

Subgingival Plaque**

Answer 19

preferentially uses metabolized peptides and amino acids over glucose that are obtained from tissue breakdown products, the ginvival crevicular fluid and interbacterial feeding

Question 20

Thyroglossal cysts

Answer 20

1. It is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct
2. It is an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the
   formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages

Question 21

Tooth Decay

Answer 21

an infectious microbiological disease that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissues of the teeth

Question 22

Veneers

Answer 22

rehab of natural teeth, principle is to improve anterior aesthetics. *Eg: porcelain veneers: * by altering tooth morphology and color due to malformation (enamel hypoplasia, fluorosis), discolorations (tetracycline, old restoration, yellow teeth), minor malpositions (consider orthodontics), abrasion and erosion, functional, psychological-perceived needs of the patient. * least invasive of extracoronal restorations * involve buccal surface of anterior teeth.