5,6, and 7 Flashcards
A simple sugar is found to have the chemical structure C6H12O6. This molecule can
most
confidently be defined as ________.
A) a hexose
B) a pentose
C) an aldose
D) a ketose
E) a polysaccharide
A) a hexose
Which of the following can vary among monosaccharides?
A) The number of carbon atoms
B) The presence of a carbonyl group
C) The presence of hydroxyl groups
D) The presence of sulfur groups
A) The number of carbon atoms
Which of these best reflects the following relationship: monosaccharide versus
polysaccharide?
A) Glucose versus glycogen - simple sugar vs complex structure that stores sugar for later
B) Glucose versus fructose
C) 1,4-glycosidic linkage versus 1,6-glycosidic linkage
D) α-linkage versus β-linkage
A) Glucose versus glycogen - simple sugar vs complex structure that stores sugar for later
During a dehydration reaction that converts two monosaccharides into a disaccharide,
what
functional groups are involved in this reaction?
A) A hydroxyl group from each monosaccharide
B) A hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide and a phosphate group from the other
C) An amino group from one monosaccharide and a carboxyl group from the other
D) A carbonyl group from one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl from the other
E) An amino acid chain from one monosaccharide links to a similar chain from the other
A) A hydroxyl group from each monosaccharide
All of the following are polysaccharides EXCEPT ________.
A) lactose
B) glycogen11
C) chitin
D) cellulose
E) amylopectin
A) lactose
Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?
A) Monosaccharide
B) Disaccharide
C) Starch
D) Carbohydrate
E) Polysaccharide
D) Carbohydrate
A phospholipid is a ________.
A) nonpolar lipid molecule that is made polar by the addition of a phosphate
B) nonpolar lipid molecule that is made amphipathic by the addition of a phosphate
C) polar lipid molecule that fully interacts with water
D) polar lipid molecule that fully repels water
B) nonpolar lipid molecule that is made amphipathic by the addition of a phosphate
Lipids ________.
A) are insoluble in water
B) are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and nitrogen
C) contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates
D) are made by dehydration reactions
E) contain sulfur polymers
A) are insoluble in water
Which of the following accurately describes a reason why fats store more energy than
carbohydrates?
A) Fats molecules are always larger than carbohydrate molecules.
B) Compared to carbohydrates, fatty acid chains have a higher ratio of bonds with high
potential energy to bonds with low potential energy.
C) Fatty acid chains have more carbon-carbon bonds than carbohydrates.
D) Carbohydrates can be incorporated into polymers through dehydration reactions, while
fats cannot form polymers.
E) Fats contain more polar groups than carbohydrates.
B) Compared to carbohydrates, fatty acid chains have a higher ratio of bonds with high
potential energy to bonds with low potential energy.
A major feature of phospholipids that causes a portion of their structure to be hydrophilic
is
________.
A) the glycerol backbone
B) the unsaturated fatty acid tails
C) the phosphate group
D) the ester linkages
E) the saturated fatty acid tails
C) the phosphate group
The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animal cells ________.
A) enables the membranes to stay fluid when cell temperature drops
B) enables the cell to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids
C) enables the cell to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids
D) makes the cell membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater intracellular
pressure
E) reduces mutations to genetic material inside the cell
A) enables the membranes to stay fluid when cell temperature drops
Lipids that form membranes have what kind of structure?
A) Polar heads and polar tails, which allows them to interact with water on both sides of the
membrane.
B) Completely polar, which allows them to dissolve in water.
C) Polar heads and nonpolar tails; the nonpolar tails interact with water.
D) Polar heads and nonpolar tails; the polar heads interact with water.
D) Polar heads and nonpolar tails; the polar heads interact with water.
Which aspect of phospholipids is most important to the formation of bilayers?
A) They are amphipathic.- having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
B) Their polar heads can interact with water.
C) The length of their hydrocarbon tails can be altered to modulate membrane fluidity.
D) Their hydrocarbon tails can consist of fatty acids or isoprene subunits
A) They are amphipathic.- having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Which of the following crosses lipid bilayers the fastest?
A) A sodium ion
B) A small, polar molecule like water
C) A large, polar molecule like glucose
D) A small, nonpolar molecule like oxygen (O2)
D) A small, nonpolar molecule like oxygen (O2)
Which of the following crosses lipid bilayers the slowest?
A) A sodium ion
B) A small, polar molecule like water
C) A large, polar molecule like glucose
D) A small, nonpolar molecule like oxygen (O2)
A) A sodium ion
Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell
membrane?
A) Phospholipids and cellulose
B) Nucleic acids and proteins
C) Phospholipids and proteins29
D) Proteins and cellulose
C) Phospholipids and proteins29
Your study partner has drawn four models of membrane-bound vesicles to try to show
what a
vesicle would look like with water both inside and outside of the membrane. Help him to
select the most accurate model.
C
In a bacterium, we will find DNA in ________.
A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) the endoplasmic reticulum
D) the nucleoid
E) ribosomes
D) the nucleoid
Which of the following cell types would be expected to contain DNA, ribosomes, rough
endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasm?
A) Bacterial cells
B) Plant cells
C) Animal cells
D) Both plant and animal cells2
E) Both bacterial and animal cells
D) Both plant and animal cells2
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the
following molecules?
A) Lipids
B) Glycogen
C) Proteins
D) Cellulose
E) Nucleic acids
C) Proteins
A larger than regular proportion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum would be present in cells
that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
A) Lipids
B) Glycogen
C) Proteins
D) Cellulose
E) Nucleic acids
A) Lipids
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely ________.
A) primarily producing proteins for secretion
B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix
D) digesting large food particles
E) enlarging its vacuole
B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
In a bacterium, we will find DNA in ________.
A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) the endoplasmic reticulum
D) the nucleoid
E) ribosomes
D) the nucleoid
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?
A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA.
C) It selectively transports molecules out of the nucleus but prevents all inbound molecules
from entering the nucleus.
D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
