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AP Test 2 > 5-6 > Flashcards

5-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary tissue classes

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

DNA consist of?

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine

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3
Q

A-T and C-G

A

Are called base pairs of DNA

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4
Q

RNA 3 forms

A

Messenger mRNA
Ribosomal rRNA
Transfer tRNA

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5
Q

RNA has ___ of the same nitrogenous bases as DNA.

A

3

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6
Q

Uracil is substituted for?

A

Thymine

A-U, C-G

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7
Q

Gene

A

Information contained in DNA

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8
Q

A 23-chromosomes set is called the ?

A

Genome

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9
Q

20 amino acids is 3 nucleotides per amino acid

A

20 AA = 3N /per AA

3*20= 60 nucleotides

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10
Q

Genetic codes is?

A

Codons

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11
Q

mRNA

A

A mirror image of a gene

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12
Q

Step from DNA to mRNA

A

Transcription

Occurs in the nucleus

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13
Q

mRNA to protein

A

Translation

Occur in the cytoplasm

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14
Q

tRNA

A

Binds a free amino acid in the cytosol

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15
Q

rRNA

A

Structural component of ribosomes

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16
Q

Cells divide rapidly

A

Stomach , skin cells

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17
Q

Cells divide slowly

A

Bone , Cartilage

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18
Q

Cells don’t divide at all

A

Skeletal , muscle

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19
Q

Cell cycle 4 main phases

A

G1
S
G2
M

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20
Q

G1

A

Growth. Almost all tasks happen in the G1

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21
Q

S

A

Duplicate copy

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22
Q

G2

A

Checks and repairs DNA

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23
Q

4 phases of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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24
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes shorten and thicken , foil

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25
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align at the cell equator

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26
Q

Anaphase

A

One daughter chromosome migrates to each pole of the cell

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27
Q

Telaphase

A

Forms a new nucleus

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28
Q

Observable trait is called

A

Phenotype

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29
Q

Integumentary system

A

Hair , nails , cutaneous glands

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30
Q

Dermatology

A

The study and medical treatment of the integumentary system

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31
Q

Thick skin clovers ?

A

Palms & soles

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32
Q

Function of skin

A

Resistance to trauma and infection .

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33
Q

Keratin

A

Gives skin durability

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34
Q

Stem cells

A

Only found in stratum basale

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35
Q

Pigment shields

A

DNA in stratum from UV radiation.

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36
Q

Tactile (merkel ) cells

A

For touch (skin)

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37
Q

Dendritic cells (in stratum spinosum and stratum basale

A

Immune cells that originate from bone marrow

38
Q

Layers of the Epidermis ( Cute Little Grasshoppers Smell Bad)

A 
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale
39
Q

Dermis

A

Composed of collagen

Supplied full of blood vessels , courageous glands and nerve ends

40
Q

Dermis Layers

A

Papillary
Reticular
Hypodermis

41
Q

Melanin

A

The most significant factor in skin color

42
Q

Skin color varies

A

Amount and type of melanin produced, not melanocytes.

43
Q

Skin color RED

A

Hemoglobin in your blood makes you a little more red

44
Q

Erythema

A

Abnormal redness( burns,anger , weather, exercise)

45
Q

Orange skin color

A

Carotene concentrating and subcutaneous fat

46
Q

Blue skin color

A

Lack of oxygen

47
Q

White skin color

A

Decreased blood flow (cold ,shock)

48
Q

Yellow skin color

A

High levels of bilirubin in the blood. (Liver disease, cancer etc.)

49
Q

Bruise

A

Massive clotted blood

50
Q

Pilus

51
Q

Nails

A

Hard derivatives of the stratum corneum

52
Q

Hard part of nails

A

Nail plate

53
Q

Suborferous glands

A

Sweat glands ;2 types

54
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Anogenital , nipples, mature males

Secretes pheromones

55
Q

Merocrine/eccrine sweat glands.

A

All over body, palms, soles and forehead

Fools body down

56
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Secretes oil

57
Q

Basal Ceruminous glands

58
Q

Mammary glands

A

Secrets milk , found in breast

59
Q

A.B.C.D rule of recognizing cancer

A

A-Asymmetry
B-Border
C-Color
D-Diameter

60
Q

Basal cell

61
Q

Melanoma

A

Arises from melanocytes (irregular, dark patch)

Extremely aggressive and drug resistant

62
Q

First degree burns

A

Only epidermis

63
Q

Second degree burn

A

Epidermis and part of dermis

64
Q

Third degree burn

A

Through the epidermis, dermis and often deeper tissue

65
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outer layer of embryonic tissue

66
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost layer of embryonic tissues

67
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer of embryonic tissue

68
Q

Embryonic tissue

A

Gives rise to muscle , bone and blood amount other tissues

69
Q

Simple and pseudo-stratified

A

Produce protective mucus over membranes

70
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Moves mucus

71
Q

Collagen

A

Tough , flexible , resist stretching . ;Cartilage, bone, ligaments

72
Q

Reticular

A

Thin; forms spleen framework

73
Q

Dense regular

A

Closely packed. Parallel to each other. Tendons and ligaments

74
Q

Dense irregular

A

Closely packed but run seemingly random .

75
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Strong in one direction

76
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Densely packed , randomly arranged . Strong in multi directions ; around organs.

77
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Ends of long bones

Attaches ribs to sternum

78
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Knee menisci

Resist compression and absorb shock

79
Q

Osseous

A

Tissue is hard ,makes up skeleton

80
Q

Spongy bone

A

Fills epiphyses of long bones and middle of flat bones

81
Q

Nervous system

A

Communication by electrical and chemical signals

Found in:Brain, Spinal Cord, and nerves

82
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Movement of body, breathing , digestion and 💩

Contract when stimulated

83
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Muscular system ; only voluntary muscle group

84
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Heart , blood pumping

Involuntary

85
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Digestive walk , respiratory , blood vessels , bladder

hollow organs

86
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Tissue growth (childhood) cell multiplication

87
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Tissue growth through size (💪🏾)

88
Q

Fibrosis

A

Replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue .

89
Q

Atrophy

A

Shrinkage of a tissue through a loss in cell side or number

90
Q

Apoptosis

A

“Programmed cell death” normal death to a cell that has completed its function .

AP Test 2 (1 decks)

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