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322 m2 > 5 > Flashcards

5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

emphasis on characteristic or consistent ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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2
Q

Different definitions of personality in textbooks:

A

A dynamic organization, inside the person, of psychosocial systems that create the person’s characteristic patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings

Characteristic patterns

Relatively enduring and that influence his/her interactions with, and adaptations to, the intrapsychic, physical , and social environments

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3
Q

The five factor model

A

Product of decades of research by dozens of independent groups of researchers

The most widely accepted taxonomy of personality traits to date

Identifies 5 dimensions/ “superordinate” personality traits that encompasses the diversity of traits in the english language, OCEAN

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4
Q

In general_______ are associated with postiive outcomes in life

A

OCEA

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5
Q

___ is associated with negative outcomes

A

N is correlated with negative outcomes

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6
Q

what is associated with More positive life events

A

O, E

Ie: getting married, getting high grades

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7
Q

what is associated with greater physical health and longer lifespan

A

C

People high in C are more likely to engage in good health practices (ie get blood work done, get yearly checkups, good diet, regular exercise)

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8
Q

what is associated with lower levels of depression

A

A

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9
Q

what is associated with poorer physical health and a shorter lifespan

A

People who are high in N are using poorer coping methods for stress (ie using drugs, alcohol for stress, cease physical activity, and carry excessive weight)

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10
Q

Individuals low in ___ and high in____ are 3x more likely to develop alzheimer’s

A

low in C and high in N

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11
Q

Increase of half standard deviation of N in one decade have a 40% greater likelihood of dying over the next 18 years

A
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12
Q

When assessing changes in personality traits across time, researchers use two indices:

A

mean level change

rank order consistency

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13
Q

Mean-level change

A

for a given personality trait, the degree to which a sample’s mean score changes across time (ie: mean score for the sample at time 1 vs. time 2)

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14
Q

Rank-order consistency

A

for a given personality trait, the stability of participant’s rank order within a sample across time (ie: participants with relatively low scores at time 1 have relatively low scores at time 2)

Test-retest correlations reflects the rank order consistency

If test-retest correlation is high, the rank order consistency is high, there are not many shifts in the rank order over time

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15
Q

With respect to FFM, research indicates that personality exhibits both mean-level change and rank order consistency across the life-span

A
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16
Q

Mean Level changes in FFM:
extraversion

A

Extraversion have been split into 2 categories:

1)social vitality(slight increase very early in life, and decreases in 20’s and declines toward older adulthood)
Qualities tied to our gregariousness and energy (ie: friendly, positive affect, energetic)

2)social dominance (steady incline in earlier years of life- young adulthood, largely plateaus in 40’s)
Extent to which we exhibit confidence in context of social interactions (ie: dominance, independent, autonomous)

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17
Q

mean level change in A

A

Increase over age of 60

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18
Q

mean level change in C

A

continuing to increase over lifespan

19
Q

mean level chnage in Emotional stability (lOW N)

A

high increase from 20-30, then somewhat plateaus

20
Q

mean level change in o

A

relatively stable after adolescence, and then decline in older adulthood

21
Q

Mean level change reflect the ____principle

A

maturity

22
Q

maturity principle

A

as we age we become more conscientious, dominant (component of E), agreeable, and emotionally stable (inverse of N)

Life experience forces us to adapt well to our lives

23
Q

Rank order consistency of personality traits for different age groups (Roberts and delvecchio, 2000)

A

As we progress through life span, our rank order constituency tends to increase; we show less change in our ordinal position within population

Rank order consistency reflects increasing stability: as we age our relative scores on 5 dimensions become more stable

There is still probability for our levels to shift on 5 dimensions later in life despite the claim that our personality does not shift after age 30

24
Q

In addition to scores on 5 dimensions, researchers have identified 4 personality types related to FFM:

A

Average: average on all 5 dimensions

Reserved: Low in O and N

Role Model: Low in N, high in O,C,E,A,; more common in older adults

Self-centered: High in E, Low in O,C,and A; more common in younger adults

25
Q

As we get older we show more consistency on the ordinals of the factors in the FFM

A
26
Q

psychosocial development reflected in

A

erikson theory of psychosocial development

27
Q

erikson stage of adulthood

A

age 36-60

Generativity vs. stagnation

ego strength: care

28
Q

erikson stage of Old age

A

age:61- death

Ego integrity vs. despair

ego strength:wisdom

29
Q

Erikson argued that the achievement of ego strength in previous stage is essential to successful to resolvement of the crisis of the next stage

A
30
Q

Generativity vs stagnation

A

Successful resolution: occurs when adults feel that they are able to guide, nurture, and contribute to the development of the next generation

Extends to society: taking love acquired in previous stage and extending it beyond relationship of intimate partner to society more broadly
“How can we contribute to society broadly”

Those who do not solve this crisis of contributing to the next generation, have self indulgence leads to hatred

If they solve the crisis, develop ego strength of care: a broad concern for others that extends beyond narrowness of self-concern

Examples of generativity: creating technological innovations

31
Q

“The anatomy of generativity” (Mcadams)

A

Origins of generativity start in young adulthood

Start with inner desire for symbolic immortality and need to be needed, coupled with cultural demand(societal expectation) give rise to concern (for the next generation)

Coupled with belief in the species: people are good combined with commitment to society-> action: creating ,maintaining, offering to society

Narration:this generative action built upon commitment and concern give rise to life narrative of older adulthood, giving us a sense of integrity

32
Q

Researches have found that generativity:

A

Highest in middle adulthood, but persists into older adulthood

Correlated positively with O,C,E, and A; correlated negatively with N

Correlated positively with life satisfaction, physical functioning , and longevity among older adults

33
Q

example of fostering generativity in adults

A

Cultivate program:

Train older adults to work in schools, provide support to students in non-scholastic aspects of their life

34
Q

Ego integrity vs. despair

A

Reflect our experience of death of friends and loved ones, and our own approaching death

They experience ego integrity (sense of satisfaction after evaluating life) or despair (regret, or desire to redo one’s life)

Successful resolution: occurs when older adult feel a sense of emotional integration or satisfaction with the choices they have made and the life experiences they have had

Ego strength: Wisdom (a detached by active concern with life in the face of death)

Detachment:to observe oneself and life without judgment

One who has wisdom is present, and not dwelling on past or future

Ego integrity of personal resolution and understanding of social dynamics of other people

We can view erikson psychosocial stages as the precursor to optimal aging

Erikson proposed that the primary task of the older person is to accept life as it has been lived in order to age successful and to achieve integrity

35
Q

Self examination interview:

A

1)Life review:
Asked questions about their post retirement years
“How do you expect to be remembered in the world”

2)Historical perspective

3)Mentorship
Do you feel you have more to offer people now or less

4)Group identification: ability to defend the people in their group
Is there anyone you would die for

5)Universality:
ability for respondent to empathetically engage with humanity
Do you see life in different time and places as being very different in the life you’ve had

36
Q

4 integrity statuses

A

Integrated (27-47%)

Despairing (4-9%)

non-exploring(36-51%)

pseudo-integrated(9-19%)

37
Q

Integrated (27-47%)

A

Expresses general contentment. Is self aware, realistic, curios, socially connected

38
Q

Despairing (4-9%)

A

Consistent with erikson’s theorizing

Express sorrow, disappointment, failure and regret over missed opportunities

39
Q

non-exploring(36-51%)

A

Never given much consideration to self review, remain in spaces they are comfortable with in younger years of their life

Express general contentment with career and/or family successes, However engages in little introspection or self examination related with function, meaning, purpose, or values

40
Q

pseudo-integrated(9-19%)

A

Expresses “brittle surface satisfaction”. Provides an excessively coherent self-presentation, reflecting a lack of self-awareness, unwillingness to examine problems, and desire to appear successful

41
Q

Integrated status is:

A

(a) correlated positively with O and dialectical/synthetic thinking,

(b) correlated negatively with intolerance for ambiguity

(c ) associated with mature sociomoral reasoning and enhanced ego identity (ie exploration and commitment to an identity)

42
Q

Despairing status is:

A

a) correlated positively with depression

b)correlated negatively with competence and perceived health

43
Q

examples of fostering ego integrity among older adults

A

reminiscence therapy:

Paired with therapeutic listener, and subjected to 6 weeks of training

Reflect their entire life by talking to therapist

Shown lower levels of depression, higher levels of wellbeing, and lower levels of hopelessness

Enhance ego integrity

322 m2 (5 decks)

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