4th sw flashcards
First Law of Thermodynamics
energy can neither be created nor destryed
Second Law of Thermodynamics
entropy always increases over time
Third Law of Thermodynamics
when the temperature reaches absolute zero, there is zero entropy
Entropy
a measure of disorder of a system
Convection
heat circulate through fluids like air or water
Radiation
transfer of heat between two objects not touching
Conduction
heat moving through toching objects
flat line on phase change graph
phase change
what happens to temperature when energy is being absorbed
the temperature does not change
what happens to temperature when energy is being released
temperature increases
latent heat
change in physical state
specific heat
change in temperature
latent heat equation
Q=mL
specific heat equation
Q=Cm△T
Q=Q1+Q2+Qn
number of fusion for water
334
number of vaporization for water
2,260
lens
transparent object with at least one curved side that causes light to change direction
reflection
bounding a wave off a surface
refraction
bending of a wave as it passes through different mediums
focal point
where parallel lines converge
focal length
distance from mirror/lens to focal point
convex
*thicker in the middle
*light bends inward
*makes objects larger
concave
*thicker on the ends
*light bends outwards
*makes objects smaller
then lens equation
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
magnification equation
m = hi/ho
doppler effect
a moving source of waves will have a higher frequency for someone standing in front of it, and a lower frequency for someone standing behind it
resonance
every object has its own natural resonant frequency, at which it will vibrate if exposed to another wave which has the same frequency
refraction
bending of waves as they change from one medium to another. Fast medium to slow = bends to normal, slow to fast = bends away
diffraction
the bending of waves as they go through holes/slits or around corners
reflection
the reflection of a wave across the normal of a surfce. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
interference
the additive (constructive) or subtractive (destructive) result of two waves being in superposition
wave
a repeating periodic disturbance. Waves are described by their size/displace,emt, the frequency of a full cycle, and the velocity of the wave
longitudinal wave
a wave that moves in a straight line. Also known as pressure waves. Longitudinal waves require a medium to travel through. Sound is a longitudinal wave that moves at 340 m/s at STP
transverse wave
a wave that moves in a serpentine pattern from one side of an axis to another. Mechanical transverse waves need a medium, but EMR does not need a medium
wavelength
the distance between two troughs or peaks, or between two areas of compression or rarefaction
frequency
the number of peaks/troughs or compressions/rarefactions per unit of time. Frequency determines pitch for sound and color/type for EMR
amplitude
the maximum displacement from equilibrium position. The more amplitude in a sound wave, the louder it is. The more amplitude in a light wave, the brighter it is
oscillation
wave oscillations (back and forth motion) are parallel to the direction of motion for longitudinal waves, and perpendicular to the direction of motion for transverse waves
EMR
any wave that uses photons as messenger particles. Does not require a medium. All photonically mediated radiation is EMR. Radio is EMR.
