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Physics > 4th - Radioactive Decay > Flashcards

4th - Radioactive Decay Flashcards

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1
Q

Which is the atomic number and the mass number

A

Mass on top
Atomic below

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2
Q

Relative charge and mass of proton

A

+1
1

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3
Q

Relative charge and mass of neutron

A

0
1

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4
Q

Relative charge and mass of electron

A

-1
1/ 1835

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5
Q

What does atomic number represent

A

Number of protons

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6
Q

What does mass number represent

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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7
Q

How to calculate number of neutrons

A

Mass number - atomic number

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8
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atom of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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9
Q

What is alpha radiation

A

Helium nucleus ( 2 protons and 2 neutrons) emitted from the nucleus

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10
Q

What is beta radiation

A

Fast moving Electron emitted from a nucleus

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11
Q

What is gamma radiation

A

High energy electromagnetic wave

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12
Q

What is radioactive decay

A

Process of ejecting radiation

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13
Q

What is an alpha particle the same as

A

A helium nucleus
2 protons and 2 neutrons

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14
Q

What effect does alpha radiation have on the atomic and mass numbers

A

Mass -4
Atomic -2

+ He
with 4 mass and 2 atomic

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15
Q

What effect does beta radiation have on the atomic and mass numbers

A

Mass stays the same
Atomic +1

+ Beta particle
With 0 mass and -1 atomic

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16
Q

How ionising is alpha radiation

A

Very ionising

17
Q

What penetration does alpha have? What is it stopped by?

A

Low penetration
Stopped by paper

18
Q

How ionising is beta radiation

A

Moderately ionising

19
Q

What penetration is beta? What is stopped by?

A

Moderate penetration
Stopped by aluminum

20
Q

How ionising is gamma radiation

A

Not very ionising

21
Q

How penetrating is gamma? What is it stopped by?

A

Very penetrating
Stopped by lead or thick concrete

22
Q

Radioactive decay is …..

A

Random and spontaneous

23
Q

Examples of background radiation

A

Cosmic rays
Rocks - give off radon gas
Medical
Food and drink
Nuclear power

24
Q

What is important to remember about background radiation when making accurate measurements

A

To subtract the background radiation from our recorded radiation

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