4th Nine Weeks Study Guide Flashcards
Who was the Arkansas governor during the Central High Crisis
Orval Faubus
Only person in Arkansas that voted NOT to secede from Union; became governor of “Union” Arkansas
Isaac Murphy
Number of people who served in Union forces and people in Confederate forces in AR
Union- 8000
Confederate- 60,000
Commanding Confederate general
Robert E. Lee
After which battle did Lincoln raise a “real” army?
First Battle of Bull Run
Commanding Union general at Battle of Shiloh
Ulysses Grant
Bloodiest day in American history
Battle of Antietam
Union victory that successfully cut Confederacy in half
Vicksburg
City that became head of state government after Little Rock captured
Washington, AR
Largest battle west of the Mississippi River
Pea Ridge
General that used “total war” in Arkansas
Hindman
Confederate camp near Cabot that marks death from disease of around 1500 soldier
Camp Nelson
Location for the final surrender of Civil War
Appomattox Court House
Describe Emancipation Proclamation
As of January 1, 1863, lincoln’s emancipation proclamation would free all the slaves in confederate states still in rebellion against the United states
Organization formed to educate black citizens, feed poor and establish hospitals
Freedman´s Bureau
Describe sharecropper
Farmers who rent land and receive a portion of profit from crop after paying fees to landowners
13th amendment
Abolished Slavery
14th amendment
A born or naturalized person can´t be denied citizenship because of race
15th amendment
A citizen can´t be denied voting rights because of race
Supreme Court case for “separate but equal”
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Brooks Baxter War
conflict between 2 republicans running for governor resulting in 200 deaths
Iron clad oath
Required sworn loyalty to US before and after Civil War
Democrats who came to power after Republicans ending Reconstruction
Reedemers
Three groups that held political position in Arkansas at beginning of reconstruction
African Americans, Scalewags, carpet baggers
This man presented himself as one of the simple folk; able to reach the small farmers and hill country people- they were his wool-hat boys. Posing as the hero of the poor whites and speaking out against the rich. Believed African Americans should be kept in their place.
Jeff Davis
This governor brought an end to the shameful convict-lease system; released 360 men from prison who were serving time for minor crimes; lost 3rd term to Joe Robinson
George Donaghey
Person who was a congressman, governor, and a senator in a space of just 2 weeks.
Joe Robinson
While this man was governor, women were allowed to vote in the primary election, making Arkansas the only southern state to allow women to vote
Charles Brough
Describe Southern Tenant Farmers Union
Wanted to get a fair share of government payments
First African Americans teacher in Little Rock
Charlotte Stephen
First women elected to serve as United States senator
Hattie Caraway
Dyess Colony
All profits from farms were shared, strictly for white Arkansans, shape of a wagon wheel
FDIC
Formed to back savings accounts; encouraged people to put money back into the banks
Social Security
formed to collect taxes to be used to pay pensions for retired, disabled, and unemployed
Union plan to take Shreveport; included taking Little Rock
Steele’s Southern Campaign
FERA
Provided food, shelter, and money for the unemployed. Over $9 million came to Arkansas
Arkansas’ 1920s new official nickname
The Wonder State
Impact of depression on Arkansas
192 banks failed, local and county governments ran out of funds, half of all businesses closed
Year of most destructive flood
1927
Harvey Couch accomplishment
Built telephone poles across state, Convinced northern investors to build dams, started the first radio channel in Pine Bluff, started an electric company
Liberal and conservative definitions
liberal-supportive of government programs Conservative- opposed to government programs
Deficit spending
Using borrowed money to fund government programs
Industry increased during WWII
Bauxite
Executive order 9066
Order to move all Japanese Americans to relocation camps
Two Japanese internment camps in Arkansas
Rohwer and Jerome
Three POW camps in Arkansas
Robinson, Chaffee, and Dermott
Williwaw War
Included Arkansas National Guard in a battle against Japanese in Aleutian Islands
Arkansas’ population trend between 1940 and 1950
Dropped in half
Hoxie
September 1955- moved 21 Africans Americans into school system
Fayetteville
integrated 3 weeks later after Hoxie with 6 African American students
Central High Crisis
September 1954, 11 African sent to go to white school
David Pryor
popular AR politician who served as a state legislator, as a governor, a U.S senator, and in the U.S house of representatives
Dale Bumpers
A successful AR governor and U.S senator in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s
William Fulbright
Only senator to vote against funding McCarthy’s senate permanent Investigative Subcommittee
John McClellan
Led other democrats on senate committee to walk out of hering’s in protest of Senator McCarthy’s brash and aggressive behavior
Winthrop Rockefeller
brought Arkansas political campaigns into the modern age by spending lots of money and using computers, polls, and radio and television ads
Elsijane Roy
first woman in the supreme court
