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4th year > 4p27 > Flashcards

4p27 Flashcards

midterm

1
Q

Multifinality

A
  • Various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings
  • 1 experience, multiple disorders
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2
Q

Attachment Theory

A
  • Process of establishing and maintaining an emotional bond with caregiver/sig.inds.
  • P1: seeks soothing when alarm activates
  • P2: no soothing = angry
  • P3: no soothing = alarm suppressed
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3
Q

Secure Base (in SS)

A
  • Responsive caregiver from which child can explore their environment
  • Less likely to use secure base if Insecure Attachment
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4
Q

Conduct Disorder

Etiology

A

BIO: genetic/prenatal/birth, lead
PSYC: low arousal, impulsivity, poor decisions
SOC: deviant peers, neglect/abuse, parents, low SES, avoidance

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5
Q

Conduct Disorder

Treatment

A
  • Narrative therapy (change ur story)
  • Ind. & Fam. therapy
  • Parental Management Training
  • Problem Solving Skills Training
  • Group Therapy NOT EFFECTIVE
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6
Q

Clinical Assessment

A
  • ABC’s
  • Observational
  • Behavioural
  • Psychological
  • Academic
  • FSIQ
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7
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Diagnosis

A

Deficits in
- Social Interactions: low peer interaction, no soc/emo reciprocity
- Communciation: Delayed/Impaired language & communication
- R/R/F Behaviours: hyperfixation, routines, tics/fidgeting

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8
Q

Autism Sprectrum Disorder

Treatment

A
  • Social and behavioural management techs.
  • Medication (SSRI/AntiPsychs)
  • Psychoeducation
  • EAs/IEPs
  • Respite/PSW
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9
Q

ADHD

Etiology

A

BIO: low birth weight, fetal alcohol/drugs, lead
PSYC: EmoDysreg, deficits in inhibitory control/reward pathways
SOC: attachement, impacted peer realationships

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10
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

Etiology

A

BIO: 60% heritability, LH (read+write), RH (math), info-processing deficites
PSYC: processing and integration of various forms of info.
SOC: socially isolated, emodysreg, poor adaptive ability

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11
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

Diagnosis

A
  • Defecits in reading/writing/math (-2 SDs)
  • Pres. of one may predict another (written rare alone, 10% overlap reading/math)
  • Defecits in social functioning/difficulty with relationships
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12
Q

Intellectual Disability

Etiology

A

BIOLOGICAL
- Pre,Peri,Post
- Chromosome/Gene disorders, geriatric pregnancy, alcohol/drug, birth complications, maltreatment, social isolation, poverty

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13
Q

Intellectual Disability

Diagnosis

A
  • Spectrum
  • Sig. impairments in cognitive functioning
  • Deficits in adaptive functioning (personal independence + responsibiltiy)
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14
Q

History

A
  • Pre 1980’s children = Cages, “morally insane”
  • John Locke = children raised with thought and care
  • Itard = humane treatment in asylums
  • Hollingsworth = result of emo/behave problems
  • Mental Hygiene movement (DD) in 1918 (improve standard of care)
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15
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A
  • Freud first to emph. early experiences
  • Conflict = fixation/impaired development
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16
Q

Humanistic Theory

A
  • Mazlows Hierarchy
  • Humans are intrinsically good, desire personal growth and self-actualization
  • PCT, Uncond. Positive Regard
17
Q

Learning Theories

A
  • Little Albert: conditioning fear
  • Bobo Doll: learned aggression
18
Q

Cognitive-Developmental Models

A
  • Processes of the mind
  • ToM, Schemas
19
Q

Piaget

4 Stages

A

Motor + 3 Ops
Sensorimotor, pre, concrete, formal

20
Q

Psychosocial Theories

A
  • Erikson’s
  • Lifestage model
  • Emph. on social and cultural influences on dev.
21
Q

Transdiagnostic Approach

A
  • Shift from differences between disorders to commonalities/shared processes (dimensional + comorbidity)
  • Emph. on BPS/etiology
22
Q

Etiology

Generally

A
  • BPS causes of symtoms
  • Multiple interactive causes (transdiagnositc approach)
  • Multiply determined + reciprocal
23
Q

Equifinality

A
  • Similar outcome stem from different early experiences
  • Multiple experiences = 1 disorder
24
Q

Protective Factor

A
  • Personal or situational variables that mitigate a child developing a disorder
  • E.g. Secure attachment, good peers, social outlets/sports
25
Q

Risk Factors

A
  • Personal or situational variable that increase likelihood a child may develop a disroder
  • E.g. ACEs, Poverty, MH
26
Q

Neuroplasticity

A
  • Ability for the brain to adapt and restructure in response to new experiences and trauma
  • Expereince plays a critical role in brain development
  • E.g. Prenatal environment, ACEs
27
Q

Parts of the Brain

A
  • Frontal Lobe (Executive Functioning)
  • Amygala (Fear)
  • Temporal Lobe
28
Q

ACEs + Development

A
  • ACEs Study (1998)
  • # gamechanger
  • imapct of trauma on physical and mental health outcomes
29
Q

Attachment Styles

4

A
  1. Secure: Distressed > Delighted
  2. Insecure-Avoidant (Dismissing): Dont care > ignores
  3. Insecure-Resistant (Anxious/Preoccupied): Clings/Cries > Angry
  4. Disorganized (Fearful): Inconsistent
30
Q

Attachment Predicts…

A
  • Effective social functioning (child/adol)
  • Self-esteem/Identity
  • Academic Acheivement
31
Q

Conduct Disorder

Diagnosis

A
  • Repetative, persistant pattern of severe agressive and antisocial behaviours
  • Physically cruel to animals (differentiates ODD)
  • Age inapropriate/not normative
  • Callous/Unemotional, shallow affect
32
Q

Conduct Disorder

AL vs. LCP

A

AL: Just a phase, typically result of deviant peers
LCP: childhood onset, leads to ASPD

33
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Etiology

A
  • Largely biologically (polygenetic) based with environmental influences
  • Neural hyper-connectivity, no synaptic pruning
34
Q

ADHD

Diagnosis

A
  • Persistan, age-innapropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that cause sig. impariment in severl like areas
  • Often present with anxious/depressive symptoms (also SLD, Tics, ODD, CD)
  • INATT: difficulty starting/maintaining tasks
  • HYP: Cant sit still, yapping
  • COMBO: Attention issues + Hyperactivity
35
Q

ADHD

Treatment

A
  • Stimulant meds (Ritalin, Addy)
  • CBT/Ind. therapy (in + to meds)
  • Parental Management Training
  • Social and behavioural educational interventions
36
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

Treatment

A

NO BIO TREATMENTS
- Phonological awareness training
- Inclusion Models/Direct Instruction Models
- Technology assisted learning
- CBT (strengths-focused)

37
Q

Intellectual Disability

Treatment

A
  • Strengths-based supports
  • Teaching/education activities
  • Community-based supports
  • MH Supports/Integrative approach
38
Q

Behaviourist Theories

A
  • Classical Conditioning (Pavlovs dog)
  • Operant Conditioning (Skinners punishment/reinforcement)
39
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A
  • Recurrent, age-inappropriate pattern of stubborn, hostile, disobediant/defiant behaviours that cause impairments in daily funtioning and relationships
  • Appears by age 8
  • Negative impacts on parent-child interactions (subseq. attachment
  • Vindictiveness
  • 5yrs+

4th year (2 decks)

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