4C Central Dogma Flashcards
Organelles in making proteins
Nucleus, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi apparatus, Vesicles
Flow of genetic information in a cell
Central Dogma
Who discovered the and made the central dogma
Francis Crick
DNA replication- synthesis in ____ direction
5’ to 3’
DNA replication- a ____ is needed for initiation
primer
DNA replication- watson and crick ____ maintained
base pairing
_____ allows each strands to be a template for a new strand
base pairing
The parental double helix remains intact
conservative model
Two strands of the parental molecule separate
semiconservative model
Each strand of daughter molecules contains a mix of new and old synthesized parts
dispersive model
Function of DNA Polymerase I
5’ to 3’ polymerization, 3’ to 5’ proofreading, 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity
DNA repair function enzyme
DNA polymerase II
Main replication enzyme
DNA polymerase III
Unwind parental double helix
helicase
Stabilize the unwound parental DNA
single-strand binding proteins
Joins the okazaki fragment to the growing strand
DNA ligase
RNA polymerase 1
transcribes rRNA genes, makes ribosomes
RNA polymerase 2
transcribes genes into mRNA
RNA polymerase 3
transcribes tRNA genes
Upstream of gene
promotor region
____ bind to promotor region during transcription
transcription factor
Building mRNA- assembly of initiation complex
initiation
Building mRNA- elongation
adding of nitrogenous base
Building mRNA- termination
Rho factor protein
mRNA splicing = ____
edit out introns
protects mRNA from enzymes in cytoplasm
5’ cap and poly-A tail
non coding (in between) sequence
intron
coding (expressed) sequence
exon
Splicing enzyme
small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNPs)
Block of 3 nucleotides decoded into the sequence of amino acid
Codons
transcription and translation are ____ in bacteria
simultaneous
He determined 3-letter (triplet) codon system
Francis Crick
Nirenberg and Khorana
1960 and 1968
created artificial mRNA and found
UUU coded for phenylalanine (phe)
Start codon
AUG (methionine)
3rd base in code is known as
wobble
Stop codon
UGA, UAG, UAA
tRNA structure
clover leaf with anticodon
amino acid attached on ____ of tRNA
3’ end
enzyme which bond amino acid to tRNA
aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Facilitate coupling of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon
ribosomes
Ribosome- holds tRNA carrying next amino acid to be added
A site (aminoacyl-tRNA site)
Ribosome- holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide
P site (peptidyl site)
Ribosome- empty tRNA leaves ribosome
E site (Exit site)
Building a polypeptide- initiation
brings together mRNA, ribosome, initiator tRNA
Building a polypeptide- elongation
adding of amino acid