4C Central Dogma

Question 1

Organelles in making proteins

Answer 1

Nucleus, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi apparatus, Vesicles

Question 2

Flow of genetic information in a cell

Answer 2

Central Dogma

Question 3

Who discovered the and made the central dogma

Answer 3

Francis Crick

Question 4

DNA replication- synthesis in ____ direction

Answer 4

5’ to 3’

Question 5

DNA replication- a ____ is needed for initiation

Answer 5

primer

Question 6

DNA replication- watson and crick ____ maintained

Answer 6

base pairing

Question 7

_____ allows each strands to be a template for a new strand

Answer 7

base pairing

Question 8

The parental double helix remains intact

Answer 8

conservative model

Question 9

Two strands of the parental molecule separate

Answer 9

semiconservative model

Question 10

Each strand of daughter molecules contains a mix of new and old synthesized parts

Answer 10

dispersive model

Question 11

Function of DNA Polymerase I

Answer 11

5’ to 3’ polymerization, 3’ to 5’ proofreading, 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity

Question 12

DNA repair function enzyme

Answer 12

DNA polymerase II

Question 13

Main replication enzyme

Answer 13

DNA polymerase III

Question 14

Unwind parental double helix

Answer 14

helicase

Question 15

Stabilize the unwound parental DNA

Answer 15

single-strand binding proteins

Question 16

Joins the okazaki fragment to the growing strand

Answer 16

DNA ligase

Question 17

RNA polymerase 1

Answer 17

transcribes rRNA genes, makes ribosomes

Question 18

RNA polymerase 2

Answer 18

transcribes genes into mRNA

Question 19

RNA polymerase 3

Answer 19

transcribes tRNA genes

Question 20

Upstream of gene

Answer 20

promotor region

Question 21

____ bind to promotor region during transcription

Answer 21

transcription factor

Question 22

Building mRNA- assembly of initiation complex

Answer 22

initiation

Question 23

Building mRNA- elongation

Answer 23

adding of nitrogenous base

Question 24

Building mRNA- termination

Answer 24

Rho factor protein

Question 25

mRNA splicing = ____

Answer 25

edit out introns

Question 26

protects mRNA from enzymes in cytoplasm

Answer 26

5’ cap and poly-A tail

Question 27

non coding (in between) sequence

Answer 27

intron

Question 28

coding (expressed) sequence

Answer 28

exon

Question 29

Splicing enzyme

Answer 29

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNPs)

Question 30

Block of 3 nucleotides decoded into the sequence of amino acid

Answer 30

Codons

Question 31

transcription and translation are ____ in bacteria

Answer 31

simultaneous

Question 32

He determined 3-letter (triplet) codon system

Answer 32

Francis Crick

Question 33

Nirenberg and Khorana

Answer 33

1960 and 1968

Question 34

created artificial mRNA and found

Answer 34

UUU coded for phenylalanine (phe)

Question 35

Start codon

Answer 35

AUG (methionine)

Question 36

3rd base in code is known as

Answer 36

wobble

Question 37

Stop codon

Answer 37

UGA, UAG, UAA

Question 38

tRNA structure

Answer 38

clover leaf with anticodon

Question 39

amino acid attached on ____ of tRNA

Answer 39

3’ end

Question 40

enzyme which bond amino acid to tRNA

Answer 40

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 41

Facilitate coupling of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon

Answer 41

ribosomes

Question 42

Ribosome- holds tRNA carrying next amino acid to be added

Answer 42

A site (aminoacyl-tRNA site)

Question 43

Ribosome- holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide

Answer 43

P site (peptidyl site)

Question 44

Ribosome- empty tRNA leaves ribosome

Answer 44

E site (Exit site)

Question 45

Building a polypeptide- initiation

Answer 45

brings together mRNA, ribosome, initiator tRNA

Question 46

Building a polypeptide- elongation

Answer 46

adding of amino acid