4c Flashcards
emphasizes the nature of electrical currents and voltages, how energy can be converted into electrical forms that can be used to perform chemical transformations or work, and how electrical impulses can be transmitted over long distances in the nervous system
1
Q
electrochemistry and electrical circuits and their elements
A
- charged particles can be set in motion by an applied electrical field
~ can be used to transmit energy or info over long distances - energy released during certain chem reactions can be converted to electrical energy which can be used to perform other reactions or work
- concentration gradient of charged particles is set up at the cell membrane of neurons at an energetic expense
~ allows for rapid transmission of signals using electrical impulses — changes in electrical voltage across the membrane — under the action of some external stimulus - content:
~ electrical circuit elements
~ electrical circuits
~ electrochemistry
2
Q
electrostatics
phys
A
- charge, conductors, charge conservation
- insulators
- coulomb’s law
- electric field E
~ field lines
~ field due to charge distribution - electrostatic energy, electric potential at a point in space
3
Q
circuit elements
phys
A
- current: I = ΔQ/Δt, sign conventions, units
- electromotive force, voltage
- resistance
~ ohm’s law: I = V/R
~ resistors in series
~ resistors in parallel
~ resistivity: ρ = RA/L* - capacitance
~ parallel plate capacitor
~ energy of charged capacitor
~ capacitors in series
~ capacitors in parallel
~ dielectrics - conductivity
~ metallic
~ electrolytic - meters
4
Q
magnetism
phys
A
- definition of magnetic field B
- motion of charged particles in magnetic fields; Lorentz force
5
Q
electrochemistry
gen chem
A
- electrolytic cell
~ electrolysis
~ anode, cathode
~ electrolyte
~ faraday’s law relating amount of elements deposited (or gas liberated) at an electrode to current
~ electron flow; oxidation and reduction at the electrodes - galvanic or voltaic cells
~ half reactions
~ reduction potentials; cell potential
~ directions of electron flow - concentration cell
- batteries
~ electromotive force, voltafe
~ lead storage batteries
~ nickel-cadmium batteries
6
Q
specialized cell — nerve cell
bio
A
- myeline sheath, schwann cells, insulation of axon
- nodes of ranvier: propagation of nerve impulse along axon
