4b Ovarian pathology

Question 1

Ovaries development

Answer 1

• Develop in the urogenital ridges colonized by primitive germ cells. This ridge is covered by a layer of specialized mesothelium.
• Mesothlial tissue forms primitive sex cords-
• Absence of testosterone
• Paramesonephric duct gives rise to fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina

Question 2

Ovaries histology

Answer 2

2 main tissues:

• Epithelium
• Stroma: composed of cortex (hosts follicles) and medulla (vessels)

Question 3

Ovarian cysts

Answer 3

• Inclusion cysts
• Follicular cysts and cystic follicles
• Polycystic ovary

Question 4

Primarily ovarian tumors

Answer 4

• Coelomic, epithelial, surface tumors
• Germ cell tumors
• Sex cords/ stromal tumors
  In 10% of ovarian cancer, a genetic inherited component has been identified (BRCA 1/2, DNA MMR genes germinal mutations)

Question 5

Peritoneal lesions

Answer 5

As distant cell colonization from the ovaries or tubes, or directly origin from the secondary Mullerian system

• Implants
• Endosalpingiosis

Question 6

Secondary Mullerian system

Answer 6

Special mesothelial layer present inside the small pelvis, that is sensitive to estrogen and progesterone.

It can give rise to implants, endosalpingiosis, neoplastic rissues and even HG ovarian cancer.