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NEW LARE 2 > 4.Abiotic Systems > Flashcards

4.Abiotic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Drainage basin/ watershed divides occur at _______

A

Ridges

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2
Q

Ridges (higher) point ________

A

Down

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3
Q

Valley (lower) points _____

A

Up

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4
Q

What is a slope’s aspect?

A

Direction/ orientation the slope faces relative toward the sun

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5
Q

In the winter months, which direction slope receives the most sun?

A

Southern

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6
Q

What direction aspect offer the most desirable microclimate?

A

Southeastern

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7
Q

Are north facing slopes colder or warmer than south facing slopes?

A

Colder

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8
Q

Which direction slope receive cold winter winds?

A

Northwestern

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9
Q

In the summer, which slope aspect is the hottest?

A

Western slope

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10
Q

What 3 factors does geology specific site inventory and analysis consider?

A
  1. Landforms
  2. Seismic hazards
  3. Depth to bedrock
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11
Q

T or F: the cost of excavating a cubic yard of rock is many times greater than the cost of excavating the same volume of soil

A

True

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12
Q

What are effects land development has on hydrological systems? (7)

A
  1. Increase rate and volume of storm water runoff
  2. Increased frequency and severity of flooding
  3. Reduced water quality
  4. Reduced infiltration and diminished aquifer recharge
  5. Reduced stream flow during dry weather
  6. Ecological degradation
  7. Reduced recreational opportunities on the water
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13
Q

Why can “channeling” engineered storm drain systems be harmful?

A

Can destroy ecological/ recreational benefits rivers/ streams had

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14
Q

What is time of concentration?

A

Amount of time needed for water to flow from most remote part of watershed to watershed outlet

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15
Q

Water always flows __________ to the direction of contour lines in a topo map

A

Perpendicular

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16
Q

What is the formula and purpose for the Rational Equation calculation?

A

Q = ciA

Determines rate of runoff

17
Q

What does the Q stand for in the Rational Equation calculation?

A

Peak discharge measured as cubic ft/ sec

18
Q

What does the “c” stand for in the Rational Equation calculation?

A

Runoff coefficient

19
Q

What does the “I” stand for in the Rational Equation calculation?

A

Rainfall intensity measured in/hr

20
Q

What does the “A” stand for in the Rational Equation calculation?

A

Drainage area measured in acres

21
Q

What are some benefits to a riparian zone? (7)

A
  1. Groundwater recharge and discharge
  2. Sediment stabilization
  3. Flood attenuation
  4. Water quality maintenance
  5. Wildlife habitat
  6. Climate moderation
  7. Shoreline protection
22
Q

What is a first order stream?

A

Primary drainage way at beginning of hydrological system

23
Q

What is a second order stream?

A

Formed by confluence of two first-order streams

24
Q

What are the 3 classifications given to streams and rivers?

A

Ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial

25
Q

What is an ephemeral stream?

A

Stream that flows only in response to precipitation

26
Q

What is an intermittent stream?

A

Stream that flows only part of the time or through only part of its reach

27
Q

What is a perennial stream?

A

Stream that flows continuously

28
Q

A 100 year floodplain means it has a ___% chance to flood each year

A

1%

29
Q

What are the three areas that floodplains are composed of?

A

Channel, floodway, and flood fringe

30
Q

This is the portion of a floodplain where a stream/ river flows under normal conditions

A

Channel

31
Q

This is the portion of the floodplain that is used to convey floodwaters during a 100-yr flood

A

Floodway

32
Q

This is the portion outside of the floodplain that usually contains slow moving or standing water

A

Flood fringe

33
Q

This is often used to determine the height that living spaces must be constructed to be safe from a 100 year flood

A

Base flood elevation

34
Q

Any portion of the flood in excess of the base flood elevation is called

A

Freeboard

35
Q

Can buildings be created inside the boundaries of a floodplain?

A

No- only things that do not need erecting like golf courses, gardens, recreational use

36
Q

What are 4 other ways you can determine the extents of a floodplain besides looking at a FEMA map?

A
  1. Topography
  2. Soils
  3. Vegetation types
  4. Extent of past flood flows
37
Q

Any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged

A

Point source

38
Q

Pollution caused by rainfall or snowmelt and absorbs natural/ human made pollutants and deposits the, into lakes, rivers, wetlands, groundwater, and the ocean

A

Non-point pollution

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