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Geography paper 2: Human Rights > 4a. Honduras: case study of global governance of human rights in an LIDC > Flashcards

4a. Honduras: case study of global governance of human rights in an LIDC Flashcards

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1
Q

GDP of Honduras:

A

In 2020 – US$2,405

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2
Q

Life expectancy:

A

69 for males and 73 for females – 2014

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3
Q

Total fertility rate:

A

2.8

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4
Q

MMR and IMR:

A

MMR – 120 per 100,000 live births
IMR = 17.8 per 1000 live births
(2014)

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5
Q

Employment structure:

A

39% agriculture
21% industry
40% services

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6
Q

Literacy rate:

A

85%

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7
Q

Political situation:

A

Politically unstable since 1882 with military control

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8
Q

What event is Honduras still recovering from?

A

Hurricane Mitch in 1998 – over 5000 Hondurans killed

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9
Q

What are the human rights issues in Honduras?

A
  • Unlawful force and corruption of police
  • Killings in rural areas over land disputes: agro-industrial firms against local indigenous organisations
  • Discrimination against indigenous populations
  • Gang culture and drug violence
  • Trafficking for child labour and child prostitution
  • Harassment and violence against women (machismo)
  • Killings of journalists
  • Poverty (44% live under $2 per day)
  • Limited access to education or primary health care
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10
Q

What 4 bodies are involved in global governance in Honduras?

A
  • UN
  • USA
  • Honduran government
  • NGOs and TNCs
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11
Q

Describe UN role in global governance:

A

Human Rights Adviser sent to Honduras
Aim to:
- strengthen government institutions working in human rights
- implement Honduran National Human Rights Action Plan
- co-ordinate work of civil society and government

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12
Q

Describe the USA role in global governance:

A

Provided US$50 million in security aid between 2010-2014
Provides continued assistance through Central American Regional Security Initiative
Can provide military and police if required

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13
Q

Describe the role of Honduran government in global governance:

A

Established the Ministry for Justice and Human Rights + a Ministry for Security
Relies heavily on NGOs to address issues such as primary health care

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14
Q

Describe role of NGOs and TNCs in global governance:

A

Care International – tackles human rights issues like poverty, education, employment, water provision and food production
Corporate responsibility of TNCs like Kenco education scheme ‘ Coffee v Gangs’

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15
Q

What has HDI increased from?

A
  1. 461 in 1980

0. 617 in 2013

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16
Q

How can the opportunities in Honduras be categorised:

A
  • Stability
  • Economic growth
  • Socio-economic development
17
Q

Opportunities: describe stability

A
  • Bilateral links with USA helping economy and national security
  • Political stability through US support for anti-corruption and free + fair elections
  • Local governance strengthened under Central America Regional Security Initiative
  • Community-based efforts to prevent crime and gangs
18
Q

Opportunities: describe economic growth

A
  • US, UN and civil society are implementing new food security programmes promoting economic diversification and training citizens for natural disasters
  • Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), small farmers assisted in trade opportunities
  • USAID working in local areas to end poverty
19
Q

Opportunities: describe socio-economic development

A
  • 40% of population under 15 so Honduras Ministry of Education has decentralised to local authorities to meet MDG targets for school enrolment
  • Efforts to improve maternal and child health and nutrition + preventing AIDS
20
Q

How can the challenges in Honduras be categorised?

A
  • Inequality

- Injustices

21
Q

Challenges: describe inequality

A
  • Inequalities between rich and poor evident in urban areas such as San Pedro Sula: housing shortages and lack of sanitation
  • Unequal access to education and healthcare: discrimination against HIV-positive
22
Q

Challenges: describe injustice

A
  • Judges face acts of intimidation
  • Criminal justice system outdates
  • Attacks on journalists
  • Violence against children
  • Discrimination against indigenous peoples
  • Drug trafficking and gang violence

Geography paper 2: Human Rights (6 decks)

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