4_5_6 Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
advocate
A
lawyer who is entitled to plead in a law court
2
Q
affidavit
A
a written statement that somebody makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth
3
Q
allowance
A
money paid for a particular purpose
4
Q
alternative dispute resolution procedure
A
a procedure where both parties choose to settle matters out of court
5
Q
answer
A
a document which contains the pleading by the defendant in response to a complaint
6
Q
appellant (US: petitioner)
A
person who lodges an appeal against a court decision
7
Q
appellate court
A
court of appeal, court where a case is reviewed which has already been heard in a lower court
8
Q
attend
A
be present at
9
Q
bailiff
A
court officer who is responsible for keeping order and assisting the judge and jurors
10
Q
brief
A
a document containing the details about a court case
11
Q
claimant (US: plaintiff)
A
person who starts a civil lawsuit, who brings a case before the court
12
Q
clerk
A
employee who works for the court by taking records, and taking care of administration
13
Q
complaint
A
in civil law, the first pleading filed on behalf of the plaintiff, which initiates a lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based
14
Q
contempt of court
A
behaving in a disrespectful way towards the court
15
Q
controll the progress of a case
A
remain in charge of it, make sure it doesn’t take too long
16
Q
county court
A
lower, local court which deals with less serious crime
17
Q
count clerk
A
the senior employee who works for the court by taking records, maintaining records of a court and is in charge of administration. in the magistrates court where the bench will usually have no legal qualifications, this officer will be legally qualified and advises magistrates on the law relating to the case
18
Q
crown court
A
court where serious cirminal cases are heard by a judge and jury
19
Q
defendant (respondent)
A
person against whom the court case is brought
20
Q
discretion
A
the power of a judge to choose freely between a range of opportunities
21
Q
exclude
A
opposite of to include
22
Q
expert witness
A
specialist who is called by one of the parties or the judge to give explanation
23
Q
fee
A
payment of a lawyer
24
Q
financial damages
A
payment made to a party that has suffered losses
25
high court
the uk's highest court for civil cases and appeals
26
imposition
to give punishment
27
incur an expense
have an expense
28
injunction
an official order from a court for a person to stop doing something
29
judge
person presiding over law court, who decides whether a person is guilty and what punishment is to be handed down
30
jurisprudence
study of law
31
juror
member of the jury
32
juvenile court
court where a person is under the age of 18 would be tried
33
libel
when someone writes something that is false and damages your reputation
34
lower court
court of primary jurisdiction, where a case is heard for the first time
35
magistrates court
court in the uk where small crimes are tried
36
manage a case
do everything necessary for a law case to be finished efficiently and correctly
37
mediation
a process outside court to resolve a dispute
38
moot court
make-believe court, where law students argue hypothetical cases as an exercise
39
motion
an application to a court to obtain an order, ruling or decision
40
notice
a document providing notification of a fact, claim or proceeding
41
pleading
a formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the defence in a case
42
proceed
to go ahead
43
reasonably prudent person
hypothetical person who uses common sense
44
remedy
solution, that which puts right what has been wronged
45
representation
statement
46
settle a case
come to a conclusion which is acceptable to all parties
47
slander
when someone says something that is false and damages your reputation
48
small-claims court
court where cases involving a limited amount of money are handled
49
submission
documents given to the court in support of your case
50
the bench
the collective term for the judges in a court of law
51
tribunal
a group of experts which examines legal problems of a particular type
52
writ
a document informing someone that they will be involved in a legal process instructing them what they must do
53
action in tort
proceedings in civil case
54
admissibility
if certain evidence is allowed to be used in court
55
allegation
accusation, but no evidence is given
56
application
request to the court to have certain evidence admitted
57
armed robbery
when someone carrying weapons steals from a person
58
arson
setting fire to a building
59
assault
violently attack someone
60
bail
situation when the court of law decides that a person who is accused of a crime can be set free until they are tried. The court will set a number of conditions, such as forbidding one to meet or communicate with certain people. In the USA, a bail condition is usually the payment of money.
61
battery
to cause bodily harm to someone using violence
62
bribery
to give an official money so that they do something illegal
63
burden of proof
the party which has the burden of proof is the party which must proof that the allegation is true
64
burglary
when someone enters a house with force to commit another crime
65
charges
the formal document stating what crimes one is accused of
66
circuit judge
judge who works in the courts in a number of places within a smaller jurisdiction
67
community punishment
when a court orders one to carry out unpaid work in the community
68
community service order
when a person is placed in a community service order, they have to carry out unpaid work as a punishment
69
condemned person
a person who has been sentenced to be killed as a punishment
70
control order
order which restricts, an individual's freedom
71
corporal punishment
physical punishment such as beating someone with a stick or hitting with a whip
72
damages
a reward or payment
73
direction
instruction by the judge tot the jury about what to do
74
district judge
a judge in one of the lower courts
75
domestic violence
violence within the household
76
drug trafficking
buying and selling drugs illegally
77
drunk driving
driving while under the influence of alcohol
78
embezzlement
stealing from your employer
79
execution
the carrying out of a penalty
80
exhibits
materials shown in court as evidence
81
extortion
when someone forces another person to pay them money under threat
82
fine
an amount of money paid as a punishment
83
forfeit property
when the court orders that property is forfeited, the owner loses ownership and the government and the government becoms the lawful owner of the property
84
forgery
making money or registered goods illegally
85
fraud
stealing by deceit
86
homicide
cause someone's death by act or omission
87
incarceration
imprisonment
88
indictment
the formal statement that a person is charged with a crime
89
insider dealing
illegally buying or selling shares using privileged knowledge
90
kidnapping
taking a person captive, often for extortion purposes
91
larceny
the crime of stealing
92
law enforcement
the work of deterring people from violating the rules, and finding , punishing and correctiong people who do break the law
93
magistrates court
lower court in the UK
94
manslaughter
killing someone without intent
95
misdemeanour
less serious offence
96
mitigation
facts that might excuse a person's bad behaviour
97
money laundering
causing illegal money to no longer be illegal
98
obstruction of justice
the crime of hindering police or prosecuters in finding the truth
99
offence
crime
100
omission of an act
a crime which consists in not doing something
101
parole
the releasing of prisoners before the official period of their imprisonment has ended, on condition that they behave well
102
penal law
criminal law
103
perpetrator
someone who has committed a crime. In the USA, this term is often shortened to “the perp"
104
preponderance of the evidence
whether the evidence is more convincing towards either the defendant being in the wrong or not
105
probation
the system allowing certain law-breakers not to go to prison, if they behave well and report regularly
106
prosecution
the lawyers (often state appointed) who try to prove that the accused person is guilty
107
rape
forcing s/o to have sex against their will
108
repeat offender
a criminal which has in the past already been convicted
109
robbery
the crime of stealing money, using violence
110
sentence
an order given by a judge which fixes a punishment for a criminal declared to be guilty in court
111
shoplifting
stealing (money or goods) from a shop
112
stalking
illegally following s/o
113
strict liability crime
acts which are a crime, even if no criminal intent is present
114
suspend a sentence
decide that a punishment will not be carried out, usually unless the convicted commits another crime
115
swearing in of the jury
the act of saying the oath, promising to act according to the law
116
tax evasion
illegally not paying taxes which are due
117
to acquit
to decide that an accused person is not guilty
118
to apprehend
to catch
119
to be liable
to be responsible
120
to commence
to begin
121
to convict
when the judge declares that one is guilty
122
to endeavour
to try, to do one's best
123
to imprison
to put in prison
124
to perpetrate
to commit a crime
125
to prohibit
to forbid
126
to render a verdict
to make a decision about the final result of a court case
127
to retire
to go to a seperate room where one is more private
128
vandalism
damaging or destroying property of someone else
129
verdict
the official decision made by a jury in a court of law at the end of a trial about whether the person is guilty or not guilty
130
wallet
the clothing accessory where (generally) men keep their (paper) money and cards. Women (generally) carry these items in a purse
131
to prevail
to be the winner
132
allegedly
supposedly
133
warranty
guarantee
134
strict liability
a person is liable even if there is no intent on the part of the defendant
135
to sput
to encourage
136
tort
a civil wrong (“tortious act”) that causes injury to a person, who may seek compensation in a civil suit for damages
137
crime
a wrongful act that has been identified in law as a crime
138
tortfeasor
person guilty of committing a tort
139
an injunction
an order by the court that the tortfeasor stop the tortious conduct
140
wrongful death
when a person has died by another cause than natural causes such as old age or fatal illness, a civil action may be brought against the person who is held liable for that death
141
negligent tort
A tort which is caused when a person does not act in an appropriate (correct, careful) manner
142
intentional tort
A tort which is caused by a person who does something on purpose
143
to be acquitted
to be declared not guilty
144
product liability case
tort case when a product’s defects caused damage or injury
145
nuisance
act, behaviour, situation or person who causes a problem for (other) people and which may be abated (remedied) by law
146
trespass
the tort of entering (going onto or into) land (ie, land and buildings) without being allowed to do so
147
defamation
when false information is broadcast (ie, made public) which damages a person’s reputation
148
chattel
movable property
149
trespass to chattels
the tort whereby someone damages, destroys or uses someone else’s chattel (“a chattel” is movable personal property). A modern example is when one uses someone’s computer or online server too much or with the intention of causing problems for the owner
150
compensatory damages
compensation for the loss or damage
151
punitive damages
money punishment meant not a compensation but as a punishment
