4.8 Organic Synthesis 5 Flashcards
what factors might be considered when deciding on a synthesis route?
-type of rctn
-reagents
-atom economy
-byproducts
-conditions
what condition is req for alkanes to undergo free radical substitution with halogens?
is a photochemical rctn so the rct req ultraviolet light
what diff products can be produced when alkenes undergo electrophilic addition?
hydrogen halide->halogenoalkane
halogen->di-halogenoalkane
hydrogen-> alkane
steam->alcohol
name process in which alkenes can react to form polymers:
addition polymerisation
what reactant and conditions are req for a halogenoalkane to form a nitrile?
reactant: ethanolic KCN
conditions: warm, reflux setup
name the mechanism and products formed when halogenoalkanes react with ammonia
mechanism: nucleophilic sub
prod: amines
name 2 types of rctns bet halogenoalkanes and hydroxides. how can u influence which rctn will occur?
nucleophilic sub- prod alcohol, aq cond req
elimination - prod alkenes, anhydrous ethanolic cond req
how can alcohols react to form alkenes?
alcohols can undergo dehydration with conc sulfuric acid (catalyst) to form alkenes, this is an elimination rctn
what are the various products formed when alcohols react with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?
primary alcohols are oxidised to aldehydes then to carboxylic acids
secondary alcohols are oxidised to ketones
tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)
what are produced when alcohols react with carboxylic acids?
esters
reducing agent req for aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols
NaBH4 in water with methanol
reactants and mechanism for the formation of hydroxynitriles from aldehydes?
reactants: acidified KCN
nucleophilic addition
reducing agent req for carboxyliuc acids to form alcohols
LiAlH4
what are produced when nitriles undergo reduction with LiAlH4??
amines
reactants and mechanism for the formation of nitrobenzene from benzene
reactants: conc sulfuric acid and conc nitric acid
electrophilic substitution
how can arenes form benzoic acid?
benzoic acid is produced when side chains of arenes undergo oxidation. alkaline manganate (VII) followed by acidification is the most effective reagent
what are produced when phenol reacts with diazonium salts?
azo compounds