4.7.1.4 Adaptations

Question 1

How do adaptations help organisms?

Answer 1

• they allow them to survive in the conditions they live in

Question 2

What are the three different types of adaptations?

Answer 2

• structural
• behavioural
• functional

Question 3

What are structural adaptations?

Answer 3

• shape or colour of a part of an organism

Question 4

What are examples of structural adaptations?

Answer 4

• sharp teeth of a carnivore to tear meat apart
• camouflage, such as tan/brown colour of a lionesses coat to avoid prey from spotting her
• species in cold environments may have thicker layer of fat for insulation

Question 5

What are behavioural adaptations?

Answer 5

• the way an organism behaves

Question 6

What are examples of behavioural adaptations?

Answer 6

• individuals may play dead to avoid predators
• basking in the sun to absorb heat
• courting behaviour to attract a mate

Question 7

What are functional adaptations?

Answer 7

• involved in processes such as reproduction and metabolism

Question 8

What are examples of functional adaptations?

Answer 8

• late implantation of embryos
• conservation of water through producing little sweat

Question 9

What are extremophiles?

Answer 9

• organisms that live in environments which have extreme conditions

Question 10

What are examples of environments which have extreme conditions?

Answer 10

• high temperatures
• high pressures
• high salt concentrations

Question 11

What is an example of an extremophile?

Answer 11

• bacteria which live deep in sea vents where pressure is very high

Question 12

What are adaptations for a cold climate?

Answer 12

• smaller surface area to volume ratio to reduce heat loss
• lots of insulation (blubber, fur coat)

Question 13

What are adaptations for a dry climate?

Answer 13

• adaptations to kidneys so they can retain lots of water which produces very concentrated urine
• being active in the early morning and evenings when it is cooler
• resting in shady areas
• larger surface area to ratio to increase heat loss

Question 14

What are adaptations for plants?

Answer 14

• curled leaves to reduce water loss
• extensive root systems to take in as much water as possible
• waxy cuticle to stop water evaporating
• water storing tissue in stem