465 exam 2 Flashcards
phonemic awareness
o Conscious understanding that spoken word are made up of individual sounds
o The ability to manipulate the unit of sound
o No visible print; can do it with your eyes closed
**part of phonological awareness
phonological awareness components/skills
Simple to complex: o Words o Rhyming o Syllables o Onset and rimes o Phonemes (phonemic awareness)
concept of words
- Understanding the concept of a word is one of the earliest components of phonological awareness
- Snap, clap, stomp to oral reading
rhyming
- Using literature is teach how to identify rhymes
* Nonsense words are acceptable when generating them
syllables
- A word part that contains a vowel or, in spoken language, a vowel sound
- Use theme-related vocabulary words; practice in short spurts through the day
onset/rime
- Parts of spoken language
- Smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes
- Onset—initial consonant(s) sound of syllable; i.e. /b/ in bag; /sw/ in swim
- rime—parts of syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows; /ag/ in bag; /im/ in swim
blends
- two or more consonants together, each maintain own phoneme
- i.e. bl, str
- each sound is heard
digraphs
- two consonants for one sound
- three types
o those that take on new sound that is different from each solo consonant; ch for /ch/
o two letters but one letter is silent; /k/ in now
o two silent letters and sound of neighboring consonant; gh in right
vowel digraphs
- two vowels produce one phoneme
- ai in ‘nail’; ea in ‘peach’; ea in ‘break’ ie in ‘piece’
dipthongs
- two vowels produce different phoneme
o consistent: oi in ‘foil’ and ‘soil’; oy in ‘boy’ and ‘toy’
o inconsistent: ou in ‘house’ but not in ‘through’; ow in ‘now’ but not in ‘snow’
types of concept of print
- permanence of print
- directionality of print
- concept of word
- language to talk about print
permanence of print
- Re-reading yields of the same story
* Print is predictable
directionality of print
- Book and print directionality
* Left to right syntax
concept of word
- Letters make words
* What we say can be written
language to talk about print
- Phrases like front, back
* Capital letters, sentences
print is…(definition of concept of print)
o is used to communicate and make meaning
o is dictated by certain rules
o is always the same letter shapes and appear in diff places in diff words
o Letters in particular order stand for particular object and is called a word
o Words are read, not pictures
o Sentences are made up of words and words are made from letters
o What we say is divided into words
when vowels make long sounds vs. short sounds
- short vowels turn into long vowels when vowel-silent-e is involved
interpretation of DIEBLS assessment and result
- Benchmark goal for Nonsense Word Fluency is 50 correct letter sounds per minute by first grade
- Scoring below 30 may need intensive instructional support
- At end of kindergarten, 20 or more sounds per minute
regular/decodable word vs. irregular word
- when students encounter multisyllabic words that contain irregular parts (usually b/c vowels are not behaving regularly) teach them to be flexible with a vowel sound
- sight words—cannot sound out; must teach explicitly
numbers of syllables and phonemes in word (?)
- 44 phonemes in total
- Every syllable has a vowel; all vowels are voiced
phonemic awareness skills
Simple to complex:
- Discriminating and identifying
- Blending
- Segmenting
- Deleting and adding
- Substituting
discriminating and identifying
• Identifying and matching both initial sound and final sounds
blending
- Ability to say spoken word when individual phonemes are said slowly
- One of two most important skills
- /c/ /a/ /t/ is cat
sementing
- Ability to break apart words in their individual phonemes
- One of two most important skills
- Cat is /c/ /a/ /t/